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1824-1840 The Rise of a Mass Democracy
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A. The “Corrupt Bargain” of 1824 Universal white manhood suffrage 1824 election “corrupt bargain” energized common man to get out and vote
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B. President John Quincy Adams The “wooden” Adams Nationalist programs Public – waste of money Slowing over-speculation South/West turn on Adams
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C. The Triumph of Andrew Jackson 1828 election Mudslinging – Jackson’s wife 1828 – Jackson president “Old Hickory” as president Tough and loyal westerner Personified “new democracy” Opened the “People’s House” “Mobocracy” for real
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D. The Spoils System The Spoils System Supporters get government jobs Corruption by “loyal” officials
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E. The Tariff of Abominations - 1828 Jacksonians hate the tariff Tariff plan backfires Webster vs. Calhoun Denmark Vesey’s Rebellion Scared southern whites Calhoun’s “South Carolina Exposition” States could nullify the tariff Nullification challenged the authority of the federal government
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F. The South Carolina Nullification Crisis Tariff of 1832 Eases tensions The “Nullies” SC nullifies - threatens secession Jackson readies the military Clay’s Compromise Tariff of 1833 Averted possible Civil War Force Bill President can use force
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G. The Trail of Tears The “Five Civilized Tribes” Adopted American ways Supported by Supreme Court Jackson’s Indian Policy Removal West Oklahoma – Indian Territory 1830 – Indian Removal Act Bureau of Indian Affairs The Trail of Tears Forced march of Cherokee Indian Resistance Black Hawk War Osceola - Seminoles
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H. The Bank War Distrust of the B.U.S. Rich – “hard” money Farmers – “soft” money Nicholas Biddle’s Bank Jackson’s B.U.S. veto “The bank is trying to kill me... but I will kill it.”
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I. “Old Hickory” Wallops Clay 1832 – Jackson vs. Clay The Anti-Masonic Party First 3 rd party – more democracy Political firsts National conventions Party platforms 1832 – Jackson re-elected
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J. Burying Biddle’s Bank Jackson’s Pet Banks Biddle fights back B.U.S. pays the price
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K. The Birth of the Whigs Jacksonians become Democrats The Birth of the Whigs Hated Jackson Liked the American System
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L. The Election of 1836 “King Andrew” chose Martin Van Buren 1836 - Van Buren president
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M. Depression Doldrums and the Independent Treasury Van Buren – no Jackson Looming economic crisis Panic of 1837 Causes Over-speculation Jackson’s bank policies Jackson’s Specie Circular Crop failures Effects Banks close Farms foreclosed Van Buren’s “Divorce Bill” Separate government from banking
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N. Gone to Texas Stephen Austin “settles” Texas Santa Anna and the rebellious Texans
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O. The Lone Star Rebellion 1836 – Texas declares independence The Battle of the Alamo 200 Texans killed “Remember the Alamo” Texas President Sam Houston The Battle of San Jacinto Santa Anna defeated Jackson recognized Texas Texas statehood? Issue of slavery – “slavocracy”
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P. Log Cabins and Hard Cider of 1840 1840 – Van Buren vs. Harrison Van Buren – rich, out of touch Harrison – log cabin symbol First modern election 1840 – Harrison president
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Q. Politics for the People New respect for struggle Western politicians popular “New Democracy” “common man” Universal white manhood suffrage
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R. The Two-Party System Democrats – common man Jeffersonian Liberty of individual States rights Lower classes – Farmers Support from West-South Whigs – upper class Like Federalists Strong national government Internal improvements Educated/wealthier classes Support from cities-East
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