1. Europeans Claim Muslim Lands
Section 11-3 and 11-4

2. Europeans Claim Muslim Lands
The Ottoman Empire Loses Power
Empire begins to decline in 1566
Death of Suleyman I
Modernization movements are unsuccessful
Greece and Serbia gain independence
European Powers look to gain Ottoman lands

3. Downfall
of the
Ottoman Empire

4. Europeans Grab Land
Geopolitics—taking land for its strategic location or products
• Access to sea trade routes focuses attention on Ottoman land
• Crimean War—Russia attacks Ottomans in 1853 to gain warm-water port
• Russia loses, but Ottomans are shown to be weak; still lose land

5. Egypt and the British
• Muhammad Ali breaks away from Ottoman control and begins series of reforms in military and economy • Shifts Egyptian agriculture from food crops to cash crops • Egypt builds Suez Canal—human-made waterway connects Red Sea to Mediterranean • Modernization efforts create huge debt • British oversee financial control of canal, occupy Egypt in 1882

6. The
Suez Canal

7. British Imperialism in India
The Great Game – rivalry between Britain and Russia over territory.
British Expand Control over India
East India Company
Controls India thru economic imperialism
Company uses an army including Indian soldiers known as “sepoys”
India was seen as the most important
colony in the British Empire
Due to its production of raw materials
Known as the “Jewel in the Crown”

8. The Sepoy Mutiny Indians Rebel Results
Sepoys refuse to use cartridges due to religious reasons
They had to bite them open – greased with pork fat
Considered unclean by Muslims
Many sepoys were jailed, others rebelled
British put down the rebellion
Results
Britain takes direct control of India
Increased distrust between Indians and British

10. Nationalism in India Call for reforms Religious Issues Remain
India adopts modernization movements
Many Indians adopt western ways
Religious Issues Remain
Formation of the Indian National Congress (1885)
Called for independence from Britain
Formation of the Muslim League (1906)
Many Muslims did not trust Hindus within India