1. DO NOW 11/17, 11/18 Turn in SENSATION and PERCEPTION reading guide to the inbox. QUIZ S cantron (bubbles AND NAME) Pen Testing Nook Phone on wall (cannot pick-up until given the all clear) Once done w/quiz return to front and answer questions in your notebook: Why did you take AP Psych? What brought you to school today? What do you think of when you think about your future?

2. conduction hearing loss hearing loss caused by damage to the mechanical system that conducts sound waves to the cochlea. sensorineural hearing loss hearing loss caused by damage to the cochlea's receptors cells or to the auditory nerves; also called nerve deafness.

3. Maslow handout Motivation Playlist Next class: Fat Rat Reading Guide and Videos CC: Let’s Talk about Sex CC: The Power of Motivation

4. MOTIVATION: T HEORIES AND HUNGER

5. Identify and apply basic motivational concepts to understand the behavior of humans and other animals (e.g., instincts, incentives, intrinsic versus extrinsic motivation). Discuss the biological underpinnings of motivation, including needs, drives, and homeostasis. Compare and contrast motivational theories (e.g., drive reduction theory, arousal theory, general adaptation theory), including the strengths and weaknesses of each. Describe classic research findings in specific motivation systems (e.g., eating, sex, social) Discuss theories of stress and the effects of stress on psychological and physical well-being. Compare and contrast major theories of emotion (e.g., James–Lange, Cannon– Bard, Schachter two-factor theory). Describe how cultural influences shape emotional expression, including variations in body language. Identify key contributors in the psychology of motivation and emotion (e.g., William James, Alfred Kinsey, Abraham Maslow, Stanley Schachter, Hans Selye).

6. Motivation A need or desire that energizes & directs behavior. Instincts: Behavior patterned throughout a species & is UNLEARNED. Early Motivation Theories Motivation can be based on:

7. Homeostasis: tendency of organisms to maintain balance When we are too cold, hypothalamus releases hormones that cause us to shiver & seek out warmth (put on clothing). When we have not had enough sleep, we are likewise pushed to slow down as we yawn & struggle to keep our eyes open. Homeostasis helps us to return to balance state after we deviate from our normal state.

8. COMPONENTS OF MOTIVATION: Motive : Stimulus that moves person toward a behavior designed to achieve a specific goal. Need : Lack of something that one requires or desires. Drive : Force that pushes a person to act. Incentive : Force that pulls person toward a particular behavior.

9. U NCONSCIOUS / CONSCIOUS MOTIVATION Having the desire to engage in an activity and being aware of the desire Having a desire to engage in an activity but being consciously unaware of the desire ConsciousUnconscious

10. Motivation includes the influences that account for the initiation, direction, intensity and persistence of behavior “why we do what we do” Aaron Ralston was motivated to cut his arm to free himself from a rock that pinned him down. Aaron Ralston https://www.youtube.com/wa tch?v=VK0GlKtrKV8 AP Photo/ Rocky Mountain News, Judy Walgren

11. THEORIES OF MOTIVATION INSTINCT THEORY DRIVE-REDUCTION THEORY AROUSAL THEORY INCENTIVE THEORY MASLOW’S HIERARCHY OF NEEDS

12. Instinct: innate, automatic disposition toward responding in a particular way when confronted with a specific stimulus All creatures born w/innate knowledge that allows them to survive Birds builds nests, salmon spawn and do these items perfectly the 1 st time…because behaviors are engrained in their genetic code © Ariel Skelley/ Masterfile Tony Brandenburg/ Bruce Coleman, Inc.

13. Motivation arises from imbalances in homeostasis! Internally motivated to reduce tension the need or drive creates GOAL:HOMEOSTASIS Need (Ex: hunger, thirst, sex) Drive (Random activity) Behavior (Eat, Drink, Sex) Satisfaction

14. T HEORIES OF MOTIVATION Motivation produced by need for goal attainment. ● Intrinsic- Internal need / reward ● Extrinsic – External reward ● Extrinsic rewards decrease intrinsic interest in task Incentive Theory Overjustification Effect

15. A CHIEVEMENT M OTIVATION W HAT MOTIVATES US TO WORK ? (S CHOOL, JOB, SPORTS, VIDEO GAMES, RELATIONSHIPS ETC..) Intrinsic Motivators Rewards we get internally, such as enjoyment or satisfaction. Extrinsic Motivators Reward that we get for accomplishments from outside ourselves (grades or money or etc..) Work great in the short run.

16. T HEORIES OF M OTIVATION Humans seek activities & situations that create desired levels of physiological arousal Yerkes-Dodson Law ● Optimal level of arousal helps performance ● Perform best when arousal is moderate Optimal Arousal Theory We generally try to increase arousal when too low (bored) or decrease arousal when too high (stressed)

17. ✕ lower needs must be met 1 st ✕ needs not have to be fulfilled 100% to move up to next level…the average American 85% level 1, 70% level 2, 50% level 3, 40% level 4, 10% level 5 ✕ theory a bit arbitrary – the order is not universally fixed, as there will always be exceptions Esteem needs achievement, status, responsibility, reputation Self-actualization personal growth and fulfilment Belongingness and Love needs family, affection, relationships, work group, etc. Safety needs protection, security, order, law, limits, stability, etc. Biological and Physiological needs basic life needs - air, food, drink, shelter, warmth, sex, sleep, etc.