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Published byElwin Griffin Modified over 8 years ago
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Chapter 5-1
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Chapter 5-2 Chapter 5: Organizing and Manipulating the Data in Databases Introduction Normalization Validating the Data in Databases Extracting Data From Databases: Data Manipulation Languages (DMLs) Object-Oriented Databases, Multimedia Databases, and Data Warehouses
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Chapter 5-3 Normalization Most data organized in flat files No sequence or order Difficult to find records Difficult to use data efficiently Normalization Process of examining and arranging file data Allows for more efficient use of data Avoid problems accessing and modifying
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Chapter 5-4 Unnormalized Data
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Chapter 5-5 First Normal Form In First Normal Form (1 NF) when: All data fields are well defined Data can be stored in a flat file Problems Data redundancy Insertion anomaly Deletion anomaly
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Chapter 5-6 First Normal Form Example
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Chapter 5-7 Second Normal Form In Second Normal Form (2 NF) when: It is in 1 NF All data items depend on primary record key Benefits More efficient design Eliminates data redundancy
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Chapter 5-8 Second Normal Form Example
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Chapter 5-9 Third Normal Form In Third Normal Form (3 NF) when: It is in 2 NF Does not contain transitive dependencies Data field A does not determine data field B Ultimate Goal Create database in 3 NF
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Chapter 5-10 Third Normal Form Example
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Chapter 5-11 Database Management Systems Overview Not a database Separate software system Functions Enables users to utilize database information more efficiently Examples Access, Alpha 5, dQuery, Lotus Approach
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Chapter 5-12 Data Validation Data Definition Language (DDL) Enables users to define record structure Define individual fields of each record Example
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Chapter 5-13 Tools for Data Validation Proper Data Types for Fields Input Masks Limit data to specific formats Default Values Data fields of new records
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Chapter 5-14 Tools for Data Validation Drop-Down Lists Validation Rules Create rules than limit range of values that may be entered Referential Integrity Deleting of information disallowed when it would disrupt references
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Chapter 5-15 Drop-Down List Example
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Chapter 5-16 Validation Rule Example
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Chapter 5-17 Creating Referential Integrity
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Chapter 5-18 A database is in the third normal form (3 NF) if it is second normal form and: A.All the data attributes in a record are well defined B.All the data attributes in a record depend upon the record key C.The data contain no transitive dependencies D.The data can be stored in two or more separate tables Study Break #1
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Chapter 5-19 A database is in the third normal form (3 NF) if it is second normal form and: A.All the data attributes in a record are well defined B.All the data attributes in a record depend upon the record key C.The data contain no transitive dependencies D.The data can be stored in two or more separate tables Study Break #1 - Answer
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Chapter 5-20 An example of a validation rule is: A.An input value must be an integer B.An input value must also have a default value C.An input value must be between 0 and 40 D.You cannot delete parent records that have child records associated with them Study Break #2
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Chapter 5-21 An example of a validation rule is: A.An input value must be an integer B.An input value must also have a default value C.An input value must be between 0 and 40 D.You cannot delete parent records that have child records associated with them Study Break #2 - Answer
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Chapter 5-22 Extracting Data From Databases Schema All information in a database All relationships of the tables Map of entire database Subschema Subset of the schema
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Chapter 5-23 Creating Select Queries Queries Create customized subschemas Dynaset Dynamic subset of a database Created by queries Data Manipulation Language (DML)
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Chapter 5-24 Query Example
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Chapter 5-25 Creating Select Queries One-Table Select Queries Creates a dynaset Based on: Criteria determining which records to include Criteria determining which fields to include from those records Single or Multiple Criteria
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Chapter 5-26 Select Query Example
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Chapter 5-27 Multi-Table Select Query Example
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Chapter 5-28 Multi-Table Select Query Example
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Chapter 5-29 Creating Action Queries Simple query Wizard Crosstab queries Find-Duplicates queries Find-unmatched queries Delete queries
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Chapter 5-30 Creating Action Queries Append queries Sum a column Update queries Make-table queries
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Chapter 5-31 Query Wizard Screen
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Chapter 5-32 Guidelines for Creating Queries Spell accurately and be case sensitive Specify AND and OR operations correctly Tables must be joined properly Name queries systematically Choose data fields selectively
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Chapter 5-33 Extracting Data From Databases Structured Query Language (SQL) Hypertext Hypertext Markup Language (HTML) eXtensible Markup Language (XML)
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Chapter 5-34 Extracting Data From Databases Online Analytical Processing (OLAP) Complex, multidimensional data analysis Pivot tables Data Mining Utilize a set of data analysis and statistical tools Identify relationships, patterns, or trends
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Chapter 5-35 Pivot Table
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Chapter 5-36 Object-Oriented Database Object-Oriented Database (OODB) Contains text data Information about set of actions taken on data field Multimedia Databases Include graphics, audio information, and animation Multidimensional Databases
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Chapter 5-37 Data Warehouses Pools of data from separate applications Characteristics Free of errors Defined uniformly Span longer timeframe than transaction systems Optimized data relationships
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Chapter 5-38 All of the following are examples of action queries except: A.Update query B.Append query C.Delete query D.Find missing data query Study Break #3
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Chapter 5-39 All of the following are examples of action queries except: A.Update query B.Append query C.Delete query D.Find missing data query Study Break #3 - Answer
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Chapter 5-40 SQL is an example of: A.A tool to perform online analytical processing B.A database management system C.A query language D.A multimedia database Study Break #4
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Chapter 5-41 SQL is an example of: A.A tool to perform online analytical processing B.A database management system C.A query language D.A multimedia database Study Break #4 - Answer
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Chapter 5-42 Copyright Copyright 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. All rights reserved. Reproduction or translation of this work beyond that permitted in Section 117 of the 1976 United States Copyright Act without the express written permission of the copyright owner is unlawful. Request for further information should be addressed to the Permissions Department, John Wiley & Sons, Inc. The purchaser may make backup copies for his/her own use only and not for distribution or resale. The Publisher assumes no responsibility for errors, omissions, or damages, caused by the use of these programs or from the use of the information contained herein.
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Chapter 5-43 Chapter 5
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