1. UNIT 4 From Pakistan to Vietnam

2. Future Tenses There are a number of different ways of referring to the future in English. It is important to remember that we are expressing more than simply the time of the action or event: any 'future' tense will always refer to a time 'later than now', but it may also express our attitude to the future event. a. Arrangements – Present Continuous b. Plans and intentions – Going to form c. Time-tabled events – Present Simple d. Direct prediction - Future simple (will) e. Prediction based on present evidence – Going to form f. Spontaneous decisions – Future simple g. An action in progress in the future – Future continuous h. Projecting ourselves into the future and looking back at a completed action – Future perfect

3. Health & Medicine General terms Health (n) - healthy / unhealthy (adj) (often ill) Fitness (n) - fit (adj) Illness (n) - ill / unwell (adj)(for a short time) Disease (n) Sickness (n)- sick (adj) (AmE) (about to vomit: feel sick) Ailment (n) (not serious illness) upset (adj) (slightly ill) Handicap (n) (a disability) mentally / physically handicapped (adj) General expressions: VERBS: Suffer from - fall ill - be taken ill - die of - hurt (most common verb with the meaning "doler", sharp, emotional and physical) - harm (do something bad to a person) - injure (more serious, in need of medical treatment) OTHER EXPRESSIONS: pain (noun) - ache (noun) (head, tooth, back, stomach, ear) harm (n) (harmful/harmless adj.) injury (n) - wound (for injuries in a war, by a bullet, sword, but a person injured by a bomb in a house)

4. Conditional Sentences Conditional Sentence type 0 Form: if + Present simple / present simple If you select reverse gear, the car goes backwards Conditional Sentence I Form: if + Present simple / will + infinitive: If I get bored, I’ll go to the cinema Conditional Sentence II Form: if + Past simple / would + infinitive: If they had more time, they would visit a few other places in the surroundings Conditional Sentence III Form: if + Past perfect / would + perfect infinitive: If they had known your address, they would have visited you

5. Verbs + preposition ACCUSE OF CARE ABOUT SMILE AT COMPLAIN TO / ABOUT SPEAK TO CONSIST OF SUCCEED IN DEPEND ON TAKE CARE OF DIE OF THINK OF / ABOUT DREAM OF LISTEN TO APPLY FOR LONG FOR ASK FOR PAY FOR BELIEVE IN PREVENT FROM BELONG TO RELY ON INSIST ON WAIT FOR

6. A summary is a condensed version of a larger reading. A summary is not a rewrite of the original piece and does not have to be long. To write a summary, use your own words to express briefly the main idea and relevant details of the piece you have read. Your purpose in writing the summary is to give the basic ideas of the original reading. What was it about and what did the author want to communicate? While reading the original work, take note of what or who is the focus and ask the usual questions that reporters use: Who? What? When? Where? Why? How? Using these points can help you to write the summary When you write a summary: Read the text carefully Underline the essential facts: highlighting the main idea and any key supporting ideas. Look for section headings, bolded or italicized words, and subheadings. Make notes and group the reading into sections according to the author's topic divisions. Write a one-sentence summary of each section, focusing on the main point. Don't include unnecessary details Try to find a sentence that summarizes the whole text Write the first draft: In the first sentence, include the title and author of the reading as well as the the sentence you think summarizes the whole text. Then use your one sentence summaries to complete the summary Elude personal opinions, but be sure to use your own words Writing a summary