7. Effects of industrialization and Urbanization Excess population crowd cities in search of jobs Urban areas increase size Factories develop near sources of energy Job Specialization

12. Life in the cities Disease/despair Crime/slums/ghettos Slowly governments start to catch up and improve conditions

18. Life in the cities Inadequate governments Inadequate housing, Sanitation,water, education

21. Working conditions Life on the clock/wages Unsafe factory conditions Harsh /severe treatment of workers

25. Working conditions Long hours Low wages Monotonous work Workers consoled with alcohol-its consequences

28. New Social Classes “Old” middle-class bankers,merchants Professional middle-class: lawyers, teachers, managers (education+salary )

30. New Social Classes Resentful landowners and aristocrats Industrial working class: hourly wages