1. Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved. ResourcesChapter menu Section 1 Bacteria and Archaea Bellringer What are the two kingdoms of bacteria? What are three shapes of bacteria? Chapter 10

2. Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved. ResourcesChapter menu Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved. Objectives Describe the characteristics of prokaryotes. Explain how prokaryotes reproduce. Relate the characteristics of archaea. Chapter 10 Section 1 Bacteria and Archaea

3. Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved. ResourcesChapter menu Some Characteristics of Bacteria and Archaea The domains Bacteria and Archaea consists of single-celled organisms. These two domains consist of the oldest forms of life on Earth. The Shape of Bacteria Bacilli are rod shaped. Cocci are spherical. Spirilla are long and spiral shaped. Each shape helps bacteria in a different way. Chapter 10 Section 1 Bacteria and Archaea

4. Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved. ResourcesChapter menu Chapter 10 Section 1 Bacteria and Archaea

5. Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved. ResourcesChapter menu Some Characteristics of Bacteria and Archaea, continued No Nucleus! All bacteria and archaea are single- celled organisms that do not have a nucleus. An organism that does not have a nucleus is called a prokaryote. Prokaryote Reproduction Prokaryotes reproduce by a process called binary fission, in which one single-celled organism splits into two single-celled organisms. Chapter 10 Section 1 Bacteria and Archaea

6. Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved. ResourcesChapter menu Chapter 10 Section 1 Bacteria and Archaea

7. Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved. ResourcesChapter menu Endospores contain genetic material and proteins and is covered by a thick, protective coat. Some bacteria become inactive and form endospores in poor environmental conditions. When conditions improve, the endospores break open and the bacteria become active again. Chapter 10 Section 1 Bacteria and Archaea Some Characteristics of Bacteria and Archaea

8. Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved. ResourcesChapter menu The Domain Bacteria The domain Bacteria has more individuals than all other domains combined do. Classification of Bacteria Bacteria are classified by the way they get food. Most bacteria are consumers. Cyanobacteria are producers. Cyanobacteria usually live in water and contain the green pigment chlorophyll. Chapter 10 Section 1 Bacteria and Archaea

9. Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved. ResourcesChapter menu The Domain Archaea The three main types of archaea are heat lovers, salt lovers, and methane makers. Harsh Environments Archaea often live where nothing else can. Most archaea prefer environments where there is little or no oxygen. Chapter 10 Section 1 Bacteria and Archaea

10. Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved. ResourcesChapter menu Alternative reproduction Sometimes bacteria gain secondary circles of DNA called plasmids. Plasmids usually code for just one gene. Bacteria can fuse together briefly and transfer plasmids. This is called conjugation. This is one way bacteria pass on antibiotic resistance. Chapter 10 Section 1 Bacteria and Archaea