1. 1 3/12/2016 Archaea: An Overview Hugh B. Fackrell

2. 2 3/12/2016 Three Domains n Fossil Record & Morphology – Five Kingdoms- plants, animals, protistia, fungi, prokaryotes –Prokaryotes - Eubacteria, Archeobacteria n Cellular – Three kingdoms, – Eubacteria, Archaebacteria, Eukaryotes

3. 3 3/12/2016 Domain n Level of organization above the kingdom level n Archaea (formerly Archaebacteria) n Bacteria ( formerly Eubacteria) n Eucarya (plants, animals, protista, fungi)

4. 4 3/12/2016 Phylogeny

5. 5 Archaea: Cell Membranes n lack fatty acids n contain ethers –gylcerol diethers, bilayers –Tetraethers form monolayers –Fixed number of carbons in hydrocarbons –flexibility via pentacylic rings n Large amounts of nonpolar lipids –isoprenoids eg squalene

6. 6 3/12/2016 Archaea: Cell Walls n NO muramic acid n NO D amino acids n pseudopeptidoglycan (Methanobacterium) –N acetyltalosaminuronic acid n glycoprotein (Halobacterium) –highly negative charge balances positive charges of sodium n Protein

7. 7 3/12/2016 Archaea: Genetics n Half size of bacterial genomes –1900 KB vs 4700 KB (E coli) n Bacterial Similarities –Polygenic mRNA –Shine-Dalgarno sequences for ribosome binding n Eucarya Similarities – RNA polymerase II