1. Pilgrims merge with the Puritans to form Massachusetts Bay Colony

2. Problems! Minority viewpoints

3. Massachusetts 1621—Pilgrims Plymouth Colony 1630---Puritans Mass. Bay Colony William Bradford Pilgrims John Winthrop Puritans Plymouth merges with Mass. 1691 Religious freedom, avoid religious persecution, to start a “ city upon a hill ”, and to begin a new life. Mayflower Compact Theocracy General Court Royal Colony Rhode Island 1644 Formed from Mass. Roger Williams Exiled from Mass. Anne Hutchison Exiled from Mass. Dissatisfied with Mass. Bay Colony Religious freedom Consent of the governed Self-governing colony Connecticut 1662 Formed from Mass. Rev. Thomas Hooker Religious freedom, exploring the frontier and settling new areas. Fundamental Orders of Connecticut Self-governing colony New Hampshire 1679 Formed from Mass. John Mason Sir Ferdinando Gorges Part of Mass. Bay Colony and set up for greater opportunity in frontier---trade goods, fur, fishing & lumber industry Royal Colony Colony/Date Person Responsible Why Founded Governed/Owner Colony/Date Person Responsible Why Founded Governed/Owner

4. John Winthrop, founder of the Massachusetts Bay Colony Middle class settlers, educated and organized Successful as fur traders, fishermen and shipbuilders Ruled as “Bible Commonwealth” or New England Way = Puritan covenant with God To establish holy society----“City Upon a Hill”

5. Massachusetts Bay Colony Williams purchases land from Native Americans and establishes Rhode Island (religious toleration) Williams purchases land from Native Americans and establishes Rhode Island (religious toleration) Another dissenter was Anne Hutchinson who causes problems by disagreeing with ministers (good works vs. salvation) Another dissenter was Anne Hutchinson who causes problems by disagreeing with ministers (good works vs. salvation) She was placed on trial and found guilty of heresy…banished from the colony…settles in Rhode Island She was placed on trial and found guilty of heresy…banished from the colony…settles in Rhode Island Claims to have a direct line of communication with God (blasphemy) Claims to have a direct line of communication with God (blasphemy) This proves the Puritan leadership became religious persecutors themselves and did not truly believe in religious freedom This proves the Puritan leadership became religious persecutors themselves and did not truly believe in religious freedom

6. Trouble in Bible Colony (Puritan Rebels) Roger Williams: extreme Separatist, denied right of civil government to govern religious behavior, challenged charter for illegally taking land from Indians Avoided exile to England by fleeing to Rhode Island where in 1636, aided by Indians, he started a colony in the Providence area Started the first Baptist church Allowed complete freedom of religion Roger Williams

7. Anne Hutchinson Predestination/Strict Calvinist Troubles conforming Troubles playing her role in society Rhode Island/New York/Death

8. Roger Williams Separatists Legality of Charter Rhode Island Welcomed minority viewpoints “The Sewer”

9. Puritan “Rebels” Roger Williams Anne Hutchinson

10. Connecticut 1635 Thomas Hooker Fundamental Orders Set up new government but allowed voting rights to all New Haven Colony Merger

11. Maine and New Hampshire Fishing and fur Annexation Removal of New Hamspshire

12. Pilgrims merge with the Puritans to form Massachusetts Bay Colony

13. Native American Relations Disease Wampanoag- Pilgrims Pequot Wars King Phillip’s War Slowed expansion

14. Relations between English and Natives As colonists expand into Connecticut, conflicts arise with the Pequot Tribe (Pequot War 1636- 37) As colonists expand into Connecticut, conflicts arise with the Pequot Tribe (Pequot War 1636- 37) Pequot’s lose the war…Native populations dwindle Pequot’s lose the war…Native populations dwindle Chief Metacom (known as King Philip) forms an alliance with many other tribes to attack the colonists Chief Metacom (known as King Philip) forms an alliance with many other tribes to attack the colonists Known as King Philip’s War (1675-76), the English retaliate and defeat the uprising Known as King Philip’s War (1675-76), the English retaliate and defeat the uprising Important because it ends Indian resistance in New England Important because it ends Indian resistance in New England

15. Massasoit ’ s son, Metacom (King Phillip) formed Indian alliance – attacked throughout New England, especially frontier English towns were attacked and burned - unknown numbers of Indians died 1676: War ended, Metacom executed, lasting defeat for Indians

16. The Pequot Wars: 1636-1637

17. A Pequot Village Destroyed, 1637

18. The New England Confederation Goal- defense Colonial Unity Charles II

19. Dominion of New England Power- England Mercantilism Navigation Laws Sir Edmund Andros

20. Navigation Acts Acts that restricted colonial trade Why?- Colonists traded with other countries of the world England viewed this as a threat

21. What’s in the act 1.No country could trade with England unless shipped by colonial or British ships 2.All vessels had to have ¾ colonial or British crew 3.Colonies could only ship certain products to England 4.Almost all other goods had to pass through English ports

22. Dominion con’t Glorious Revolution Start “salutary neglect”

23. Other Countries Dutch- New Netherlands (York) Sweden- New Sweden

24. New Netherland s & New Sweden

25. KING CHARLES II GAVE AWAY THE MIDDLE COLONIES AS GIFTS TO FAMILY AND FRIENDS

26. New Netherland In1609--Dutch New York—1664 England Henry Hudson for Netherlands Duke of York of England names it New York English fleet takes New Amsterdam from Dutch in 1664 and becomes New York City---Good harbor for trade New Netherlands was an autocracy 1689---English Bill of Rights Representative Govt Royal Colony New Jersey---1702 Indian land---Dutch and Swedish gift from King Charles II to brother James--- gives to his friends Lord John Berkeley & Sir George Carteret Attract new settlers for Dutch and Swedish colonists Royal Colony Pennsylvania—1681 Delaware--1682 William Penn Swedes Penn founded for religious freedom for the Quakers---Holy Experiment—invited all people Representative govt Royal Colony Maryland--1634Lord Baltimore Religious toleration— those who believed in Christ---allowed persecuted Catholics to settle in Maryland Representative govt Proprietary Colony Colony/Date Person Responsible Why Founded Governed/Owner

27. Middle Colonies 1.River systems 2.Valleys – fertile soil 3.."bread basket" large farms - surplus food 4.diverse population 5.manufacturing 6.iron mines, glass, shipyards, and paper 7.Cities: New York and Philadelphia New York Pennsylvania New Jersey Delaware

28. America, a “melting pot”

29. Pennsylvania Quakers William Penn Experiment Native American relations

30. Pennsylvania & Neighbors Penn bought land from Indians, treatment of them so fair that Quakers went to them unarmed and even employed Indians as babysitters However, as non-Quaker immigrants came, they were less tolerant of Indians (Scots- Irish) Liberal features: elected assembly, no tax- supported church, freedom of worship, only 2 capital crimes

31. Delaware Penn granted the lower 3 counties of Pennsylvania their own assembly Governor was the same as Pennsylvania ’ s until the American Revolution William Penn

32. Population of the New England Colonies

33. Growth of the Colonies: 1690

34. Population Comparisons: New England v. the Chesapeake

35. New England Colonies, 1650