1. What are roots and stems and why do plants have them?

2. Parts of a Root
Made of
Xylem and Phloem 8 9 7 2 1 7 8 9 3 6 4 5

3. Root Hairs

4. Root Hairs
Root hairs increase the surface area for absorption of water and minerals from the soil.
Made from epidermal cells.
Found above the meristem

5. Root Cap The protective covering of the root
Protects the apical meristem as it moves through the ground.

6. Meristem
Tissue that contains undifferentiated cells.

7. Apical Meristem (Apex = tip)
Located above the root cap.
Increases the length of the plant.

8. Lateral Meristems (Lateral = side)
Responsible for secondary growth (width).
Primary cause of tree rings.

9. What are the two types of roots?
Taproots and Fibrous Roots
Taproots:
Single, thick primary root.
Can penetrate as far down as 60 meters.
Anchors the plant very securely.
Can plumb deep water sources and store nutrients.

10. Fibrous Roots Small branching roots. No taproot.
Increases surface area.
Does not anchor as securely.

11. Function of roots: Uptake of Water and Minerals Anchor the plant

12. Stems Possible functions of stems:
Supports leaves, flowers, and fruits
Tree branches
Conducts water, nutrients and products of photosynthesis to other parts of the plant.
Xylem and phloem in the stem
Can store water
Ex: cacti
Can be responsible for asexual reproduction.
Stem cuttings