1. Mr. Mize

3.  By 1914, European countries had seized control of almost all of Africa and Southeast Asia.

4. :  1. ECONOMICS – European countries wanted raw materials and consumers for their products  2. 2) DUTY – many Europeans believed that it was their duty to spread Christianity and culture to other “backward” people.  Example: “White Man’s Burden”, poem by Rudyard Kipling  3. COMPETITION – European countries wanted to take over an area before their competitors were able to.

5. Captain Alfred Mahan believed the following:  Future prosperity depended on foreign trade.  The U.S. needed a large navy in order to protect trading vessels.  The U.S. needed to acquire naval bases throughout the world.  As a result, the U.S. had a large, powerful navy by the late 1890’s known as the Great White Fleet.

6.  Strategic importance of Hawaii in the Pacific Ocean.  In 1875, Hawaii agreed to give the U.S. control of the seaport Pearl Harbor.  U.S. Marines forced Queen Liliuokalani to surrender Hawaii at gunpoint in 1893.

7.  Just like Hawaii, Cuba was very important to the U.S.  Had natural resources ◦ Tobacco ◦ Cotton ◦ Sugar  This made Cuba very wealthy  Which is why Spain controlled it

8.  Controlled by Spain  Spain was largest empire in Western Hemisphere  Was losing power  More countries were breaking away  This cost Spain a lot of money  Ruled by Queen Regent, Maria Christina

9.  Cuba tried to win independence from Spain…twice.  The second time, Queen Maria wanted to teach Cuba a lesson  She sent General Weyler ◦ AKA Butcher Weyler

10.  General Weyler ◦ Spanish governor of Cuba ◦ Used brutal tactics against the Cubans. ◦ Responsible for detaining over 500,000 Cubans and killing over 100,000.  Americans sympathized with the Cuban desire for freedom.

12.  USA was an ally of Spain  President McKinley wanted to avoid war with Spain.

13.  Letter written by Spanish Minister in Cuba to the Queen of Spain  Letter insulted McKinley ◦ Weak ◦ Incompetent ◦ Coward  This infuriated McKinley and Americans

14.  Sent to protect Americans in Cuba  February 15, 1898 ◦ Explosion ◦ Killed 260 of 350 US sailors on board ◦ Heart & Pulitzer blamed Spain before any real proof was provided.

15.  After 2 months of debate  USA finally declares war on the Empire of Spain  Muscle-flexing war ◦ To prove that Europe could not mess with USA ◦ To gain an empire ◦ To help Cuba?

16.  Spain also controlled the Philippines  Philippines wanted independence  First battle of the war  Commodore George Dewey defeated the Spanish navy in the Philippines after only six hours of battle.

17.  Theodore Roosevelt ◦ Was Assistant Secretary of the Navy ◦ Resigned position to volunteer and lead a new group  Rough Riders  Cowboys and Indians  Won battles in Cuba  San Juan Hill

18.  Signed after 16 weeks of fighting  USA had beat an Empire!  Gained control of: ◦ Cuba ◦ Guam ◦ Puerto Rico ◦ Paid $20 million for Philippines

19.  300,000 Americans served in Spanish- American War  5,400 died ◦ 379 in battle ◦ The rest died from disease  Yellow Fever  Small Pox

21.  No experience in colonialism  Many felt an empire betrayed what our founding fathers wanted  Cuba & Philippines had wanted independence, not a new master

22.  Gave Cuba independence in 1899  Limited Cuba’s right to make treaties and borrow money  Allowed the U.S. to intervene in Cuba  Gave the U.S. control of the naval base in Guantanamo Bay  Independence?

23.  Made a US Protectorate  1917 became American citizens  Serve in US military  Pay US taxes  Can collect Social Security  Not allowed to vote

24.  Continued to fight against Americans for independence  220,000 Filipinos died, including 20,000 Filipino soldiers.  Independence in 1946.

25.  Roosevelt becomes President after McKinley is assassinated  USA needs to quickly move from Atlantic to Pacific Ocean  Decides to build canal through Panama

26.  France began construction on the canal in 1881. ◦ Led by engineer Ferdinand de Lesseps  About $287,000,000 had been spent  20,000 French men had died ◦ Mostly of yellow fever and malaria, ◦ French gave up

27.  Colombia refused to grant the U.S. permission to complete the canal project.  Therefore, the U.S. encouraged the Panamanian people to revolt against Colombia.  On November 3, 1903, Panama declared their independence from Colombia and allowed the U.S. to build the canal.

28.  Using mainly black workers from the West Indies  The U.S. finished the canal in 1914.  1909 Arrival of SS. Ancon with 1500 laborers from Barbados at the Cristobal Port in Colon, Panama

29.  Animation: How the Panama Canal Works Animation: How the Panama Canal Works

30.  Established by Pres. Theodore Roosevelt in 1904  U.S. had right to intervene in Latin America to preserve law and order  Extension of the Monroe Doctrine  The U.S. used the Roosevelt Corollary frequently, angering Latin American countries.

31. Reasons Dominican Republic 1916 - 1924 Nicaragua 1912 - 1933 Haiti 1915- 1934 Honduras 1911 - 1925 Country Occupied Years to control their finances, help them pay their debts, and keep the peace to restore order after a revolution and to protect U.S. businesses to restore order after years of anarchy to protect U.S. businesses during civil war