1. Independence Won The Road to San Jacinto Chapter 11 Section 1

2. Santa Anna Remains in Texas Texas cause seems hopeless in March 1836 Santa Anna ordered towns burned; believed Texas rebellion was crushed Gen. Vicente Filisola disagreed –Italian in Mexican army –Arrest David G. Burnet (Tx. Ad interim pres.) –Believed Texans would fight more for homes and land as Mexican army advanced

3. Houston Builds the Texas Army March 11 th – arrived in Gonzales; found 370 volunteers March 13 th – learned of Alamo’s fate; fight or flee (less than 400 soldiers) Fled eastward to Colorado River hoping to pick up more soldiers Ordered Fannin to retreat Goliad (blow up the fort) and join him

4. Houston’s Army Retreats March 13, 1836 – retreat begins from Gonzales Rear guard (commanded by Juan Seguin) –Destroys provisions that cannot be carried –Helps civilians in the area to escape Army crosses Burnham’s Crossing; waits and trains for 9 days (troops 1400) Learned of Fannin’s capture; retreat March 25 th Cross Brazos River Troops Angered –Resentment –Homes burned; families fleeing Houston’s Reasoning –Forces still too weak –Mex. Army supply line stretched

5. Panic Causes the Runaway Scrape Panic –Houston retreating –Alamo and Goliad disasters Many families gathered belongings and headed toward Sabine River Heavy rains, lack of food, and sickness made journey miserable

6. Houston Trains His Army March 29 th – April 12 th – trains troops at Jared Groce’s Plantation Left 2 companies to guard Brazos River crossing Long hours of drilling and marching in rain and mud Many wanted a new general

7. Mexican Army Moves East April 5 th – crosses Colorado River April 7 th – reaches San Felipe April 15 th – arrives at Harrisburg (burns it) Houston receives the “Twin Sisters” (2 cannons) from Cincinnati, Ohio April 17 th – Houston heads toward Harrisburg April 18 th – Houston reaches Buffalo Bayou (Texans ready to fight)

8. Independence Won Victory at San Jacinto Chapter 11 Section 2

9. The Eve of Battle April 20 th – Houston on banks of Buffalo Bayou and San Jacinto River; Santa Anna near Vince’s Bayou and San Jacinto River Santa Anna overconfident Skirmish between Texan cavalry and Mexican army; Mirabeau B. Lamar (Tx) impresses Houston – placed in charge of entire cavalry next day

10. San Jacinto Soldiers from Varied Backgrounds 20-30 Tejanos –Commanded by Juan Seguin –Placed cardboard in hats so Texans wouldn’t mistake them for Mexican troops English, Irish, Scots, Mexicans, French, Germans, Italians, Poles, Yankees Unwashed and unshaved; long hair, beards, and mustaches were matted and dirty

11. Houston Calls a Council of War April 21 st – (noon) Houston calls for his officers to determine whether to fight or wait until dawn –All agreed to fight –Disagreed whether directly or defensively Erastus “Deaf” Smith and Henry Karnes sent to destroy bridge at Vince’s Bayou (cut off retreat for both Texans and Mexicans) Santa Anna received reinforcements –Troops inexperienced and tired; sent to eat and rest –Retires to his tent (Emily Morgan?)

12. “Remember the Alamo” April 21 st – 3:30 p.m. Houston orders troops to assemble –Sidney Sherman on left flank –Twin Sisters in center under George W. Hockley’s command –Henry Millard to the right of Hockley with 4 infantry units –Mirabeau B. Lamar on right flank with cavalry (prevent Mexican soldiers from escaping) –3 fife players and 1 drummer playing “Will You Come to the Bower” Houston draws sword and orders attack “Deaf” Smith announces Vince’s bridge is down Mexican camp quiet “Remember the Alamo! Remember Goliad!” Twin Sisters blow hole in Mexican fortifications Hand-to-hand combat; Mexican army confused Battle over in 18 minutes but killing continued until dark

13. Mexican Suffer Heavy Losses Texans –Fewer than 10 killed or fatally wounded –30 wounded (including Houston) Mexicans –630 killed –730 taken prisoner –Santa Anna captured on April 22 nd (own men singled him out)

14. Comparing Reports Capture of Santa Anna prevented him from rejoining his troops Houston –Battle lasted 18 minutes –Success given to the men –Men showed courage Santa Anna –Blamed excessive number of untrained troops –Late supplies –Fatigue and lack of food –“None of these causes was the result of neglect on my part or act immediately emanating from me.”

15. The Texan Navy Controls the Coast Navy played a small role in final days of revolution Only had 4 ships Controlled coastal water of Texas Brought supplies to Texan armies Cut off supplies to Mexican armies Failed to supply veterans of San Jacinto with food and ammunition

16. Treaties of Velasco – May 14, 1836 Public – Santa Anna… –Promised to never again fight against the Texans –Ordered all Mexican troops out of Texas immediately –Exchange Texan and Mexican prisoners –All property seized by Mexican troops returned to rightful owners Private – Santa Anna... –Work for Mexican recognition of Texas independence –Released by Texas govt –Given escort back to Mexico –Set Texas boundary at Rio Grande

17. Many Texans Wanted Revenge Many Texans wanted Santa Anna hung Santa Anna boarded ship Invincible to return to Mexico –Texan army officers prevented ship from sailing –Demanded Santa Anna’s execution President Burnet prevented Santa Anna’s execution, but held captive for several months

18. Victory’s Consequences Battle of San Jacinto – 15 th most decisive battle in the world Families from Runaway Scrape return home Houston leaves for New Orleans for medical attention of battle injury Santa Anna’s 2 nd in command (Filisola) leads army home

19. Causes and Effects of San Jacinto Causes –Santa Anna believes Texans are weak and becomes overconfident –Houston takes time to train his army so that they are prepared –Memory of defeat at Alamo and Goliad inspires Texans Effects –Houston’s army is victorious, ensuring Texan independence –Santa Anna is captured –The Treaties of Velasco are signed. Santa Anna promises not to fight Texans again