1. Territorial Expansion of the United States 1783—1853

3. Vocabulary 1. annex –to add a territory to one’s own territory 2. cession or cede –to give up by treaty 3. Manifest Destiny –the idea popular in the United States during the 1800s that the country must expand its boundaries to the Pacific Ocean 4. joint occupation –the possession and settling of an area shared by two or more countries

4. Northwest Ordinance Act passed in 1785 establishing procedure for expansion of the United States

5. created Ohio, Indiana, Illinois, Michigan, and Wisconsin When population of territory reached that of the smallest existing state it could become a state No slavery in the new territory Set up precedents for stable and orderly expansion Northwest Ordinance

6. The Louisiana Purchase Louisiana Territory included land expanding west from the Mississippi River to the Rocky Mountains

7. The Louisiana Purchase Owned by France, sold for $15 million to raise money for the wars of Napoleon Jefferson told his minister to France, Robert Livingston, to buy only New Orleans and West Florida for up to $10 million. US only wanted access to New Orleans for trading The Senate approved the purchase in 1803, doubling the size of the United States

8. Oregon Territory Oregon Country was the huge area that was between the Rocky Mountains and the Pacific Ocean, north of California

9. Oregon Territory Contained Oregon, Washington, Idaho, Montana, Wyoming, and half of British Columbia 4 different nations claimed to the territory including the United States, Russia, Great Britain, and Spain. Secretary of State, John Adams, worked out the Adams-Onis Treaty with Spain that drew a border at California –Southern land to Spain and above the line to the US Great Britain and the U.S. agreed to joint occupation of Oregon in 1818.

10. Florida Cession In the Louisiana Purchase, the United States argued that West Florida, owned by Spain, was actually part of the purchase.

11. Florida Cession General Andrew Jackson invaded East Florida and took over 2 Spanish forts, the Spanish objected, but did not want war. In 1819, Spain signed the Adams-Onis Treaty, giving the U.S. East Florida in exchange for the U.S. giving up claims to Texas and paying $5 million owed to the Spanish government by citizens The U.S gets lands to the 49th parallel and then into the Pacific Northwest.

12. Gadsden Purchase In 1853 the U.S. paid Mexico $10 million for a strip of land along the southern edge of present day Arizona and New Mexico This purchase made the U.S. mainland its present-day size

13. Mexican Cession Polk picked a fight with Mexico because they refused to sell California and New Mexico

14. Mexican Cession This was worsened in 1845 when the U.S. annexed Texas, which Mexico considered illegal, and wanted to move the border South from the Rio Grande River Polk said that Mexico attacked first, and war began Defeated in 1847, the Mexican army surrendered and signed the Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo Mexico lost Texas, California, New Mexico and the border of Texas and Mexico was changed to the Rio Grande River. The U.S. paid Mexico $15 million.