1. Nintendo Wars: The Media and the Persian Gulf Conflicts

2. Small Group Discussion: Military and Media Technology
What new military technologies have changed warfare since the 1960s? (4 examples)
What new communication technologies have changed media coverage since the 1960s? (4 examples)

3. Vietnam ( )

4. Media in Vietnam Mainstream media stayed away from disturbing images.
American public led protests
Seymour Hirsch
Walter Cronkite

5. The Persian Gulf War (1991) Brief Historical Overview
“Muzzling” the Press?
“Pooling” Reporters
Peter Arnett, Baghdad Live
                                                                           
Baghdad Sky (1991)

6. Gulf War Primary Sources
Take a minute to read the primary source quotes from the Gulf War era military and media personnel. Write down your reactions to the pieces. Which is most persuasive? Why?
Walter Cronkite (2003)
See vocabulary.

7. Primary Source Vocabulary
Disaffection—isolation and hostility. Dispatches—reports from the field of battle. Disposition—physical placement and movement. Divergence—separating. Inadvertent—not intended. Morale—attitude of soldiers. Reminiscent—reminds you of something.

8. Iraq War (2003) Historical Background “Embedding” Reporters
Pentagon Briefing (2004)
Embedded Journalism?

9. Maps: China War (2018-2021) China & Taiwan in the Asian Context
Chinese Invasion of Taiwan (January 22, 2019)

10. Media—Military—American Public
Media Coverage: War With China ( ) How should the media cover it?
Media—Military—American Public
1) US Naval combat with Chinese ships in the Straights of Taiwan. (US Casualties)
2) Chinese Marines invade Taiwan.
3) Chinese Air Force begins bombing of American bases on Guam.
4) US Air Force begins bombing campaign over Beijing.
5) US marines landing in Taiwan.
6) FBI investigations and arrests of Chinese nationals in San Francisco and LA.

11. Media Vs. Wikileaks
What are the differences between the “media” and Wikileaks?
Should organizations like Wikileaks be provided the same protections as the media in terms of speech and confidential sources?

12. Invasion of Taiwan as Crisis
What values determined response and use of press?
What factors determine choice:
US Navy mobilizes in Straits of Taiwan
US aerial bombing campaign over Beijing
US defense of Taiwan
FBI investigations of Chinese nationals

13. Bibliography
W. Lance Bennet and David L. Paletz, eds., Taken by Storm: The Media, Public Opinion, and US Foreign Policy in the Gulf War (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1994).
Hamid Mowlana, George Gerbner, and Herbert I. Schiller, Triumph of the Image: The Media’s War in the Persian Gulf, a Global Perspective (Boulder: Westview Press, 1992).
Hedrik Smith, ed., The Media and the Gulf War: The Press and Democracy in Wartime (Washington: Seven Locks Press, 1992).