1. Information Processing in Motor Learning
Chapter 17
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2. Feedback in Movement Control
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3. As we execute movements, the receptors in our bodies continually update the CNS about the nature of our actions
The efficiency of motor control by the information-processing system depends on feedback
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4. Closed-Loop Control
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5. Follows the idea that movements may be planned and adjusted by feedback even during a movement
This general closed-loop control process is self-regulating and will continue to maintain the desired movement of the performer
Key elements:
Feedback
Error detection
Error correction
Analogy: thermostat
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6. Response Execution Motor Program Muscles Output Environment
Error
Input
Senses
Correction
Perception Stimulus Identification
Comparator (Reference system)
CNS Executive
The stages of information processing
Response Selection and Programming
Response Execution
PNS Effector
The motor program and motor system
Motor Program
Proprioceptive Feedback
Muscles
Output Environment
Exteroceptive Feedback
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7. Advantages of the Closed-Loop System
New skills
Activities requiring precision and accuracy
Allows adjustment according to the situation
Adds versatility to movements
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8. Disadvantages of the Closed-Loop System
Rapid, discrete actions do not properly fall under closed-loop control
Demands attention and time
Feedback must pass through the processing stage
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9. Open-Loop Control
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10. Describes control of automatic actions
Motor program defines the details of skilled action before the movement begins and without the influence of peripheral feedback
Movements may be structured in advance, enabling them to run off automatically when initiated
Two main components:
The executive
The effector
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11. EXECUTIVE EFFECTOR No Feedback Chooses motor program
STIMULUS
EXECUTIVE
EFFECTOR
Chooses motor program
Relays instruction
Carries out specific instructions automatically
No Feedback
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12. Advantages of the Open-Loop System
Fast and forceful movements can be produced without extensive conscious control
Attention can de diverted to other responses
Does not demand as much time because there is no feedback
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13. Disadvantages of the Open-Loop System
Not as effective in unstable and less predictable situations
Movements may not be determined effectively in advance
Not effective in precise and complex actions
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