2. GermanUNIFICATION

3. A DIVIDED GERMANY A DIVIDED GERMANY  Loose federation of 39 States  Controlled by 2 Powers  Austria – Hapsburgs  Prussia Hohenzollern

4.  Prussian Junker  1851 – King Frederick William IV appointed him representative to the diet of the German Confederation

5.  Convinced – Germany too small for Austria & Prussia  1859 –ambassador to Russia  1862 – ambassador to France

6.  1858 – King Frederick William IV – declared insane  Brother William becomes regent  1861 – Frederick William IV dies  William I takes the throne A NEW PRUSSIAN KING

7.  Wanted to strengthen Prussian Army  1862 – named Bismark – Minister-President  Deadlock in Parliament over military – Bismark said that it would be settled by “blood and iron”

8. 1864 War with Denmark  1863 – Denmark annexed the duchy of Schleswig – infuriating German nationals  1864 – Prussia allies with Austria against Denmark  Denmark defeated

9. 1864 War with Denmark  August 1865 – Convention of Gastein  Joint Prussian & Austrian possession of Schleswig and Holstein  Gave Bismark opportunity to pick fight with Austria

10. 1866 – The Seven Weeks War  Prussia Accused Austria of Breaking Convention of Gastein  Proposed abolition of German Confederation  July 3 – Prussia defeated Austria

11. 1866 – The Seven Weeks War  August – Treaty of Prague  Prussia gained:  Schleswig & Holstein  Annexed north German states – Hanover, Hesse, Nassau & Frankfurt  Dissolved German Conf.

13. 1867 – The North German Confederation  United states north of Main River under Prussia  Obstacles impeding the addition of Southern states:  Southern Catholic – Northern Lutheran  Napoleon III – against it – France benefited from divided Germany

14. 1867 – The North German Confederation  Bismark believed War with France was only way to achieve full unification  1868 – Revolution in Spain provided the opportunity  Power vacancy arose in Spain – created a rift between France and Prussia

15. 1870 – Franco-German War  France wanted reassurance – William I refused  Ems Telegram:  Bismark edited William I’s report to instigate a war  July 19 – Napoleon III declared war on Prussia

16. 1870 – Franco-German War  Bismark had formed alliances with South German states  September 2 – France surrenders  January 18, 1871 – At Versailles William I – proclaimed German Emperor  May 10, 1871 – Treaty of Frankfurt  Germany gets Alsace & Lorraine