1. LITHOSPHERE Patterns & Processes

2. PATTERNS Earthquakes, Volcanoes and Tectonic Plates

3. Distribution of Earthquakes Distribution of Volcanoes

4. So, what is going on?

5. Can you mark out a distinct pattern from the distribution of earthquakes and volcanoes?

6. Distribution of Tectonic Plates

7. So what if we have the plates in place? What must happen to the plates?

8. What can cause this to happen to the plates?

9. Where would it come from?

10. Tada! You have just guessed the structure of the Earth!

11. STRUCTURE OF THE EARTH Ferrero Rocher Earth

12. Structure of the Earth

13. Core Layer rich in iron and nickel Size of Mars! Inner and outer –Inner: Solid, density of 13g/cm3, radius of 1220km –Outer core: Liquid, density of 11g/cm3, average thickness of 2250km Temperature is about 6200 degrees Celsius, hotter than the surface of the Sun!!!

14. Mantle Almost 2900 km thick, comprises about 83% Earth’s volume Upper mantle: –From crust downward to a depth of about 670 km –Asthenosphere: top layer of the upper mantle, 100 to 200 km More rigid and brittle because of cooler temperatures and lower pressures Lower mantle: –From 670 to 2900 km below the Earth's surface. –Hot and plastic –Higher pressure causes the formation of minerals different from those of the upper mantle

15. Crust As thin as a sheet of paper if earth were a basketball Cool, rigid, and brittle Two types of crust can be identified: oceanic and continental –Oceanic (sima) Mainly basalt, averaging 6 to 10 km At its deepest has a temperature of 1200 degrees Celsius –Continental (sial) Granitic Can be up to 70 km thick

16. Lithosphere Includes the crust and the upper most portion of the asthenosphere About 100 km thick Has the ability to glide over the rest of the upper mantle Zone of earthquakes, mountain building, volcanoes and continental drift

17. But how did we find out what the structure of the Earth is like?