CHAPTER 10 Passive Voice Mr. Hani M. Al-Tahrawi Eng-112

CHAPTER 10 Passive Voice Mr. Hani M. Al-Tahrawi Eng-112
Pre-Dental (Batch 2) Pre-Pharma (Batch 2) March, 2012

Pres. Participle V4 ing form Past Participle V3 Past Simple
Present Simple Base Verb being am been has was were is are be have had writing written wrote write writes stealing stolen stole steal steals Future will be am going to be is are will write going to write will steal going to steal

Verb Subject Object be V3 (by subject)

An Active Sentence Turki wrote a letter. A Passive Sentence A letter
Subject Verb Object Turki wrote a letter. A Passive Sentence Object be V3 (by Subject) A letter was written by Turki.

When we changed the sentence:
Turki wrote a letter. into: A letter was written by Turki. We used ‘was’ as one of the forms of verb ‘ be ’. WHY?

That’s because….. Turki wrote a letter. A letter was written by Turki.
We used ‘was’ as one of the forms of verb ‘ be ’ , and it is the simple past tense. That’s because….. The main verb in the active sentence was in the simple past tense. Turki wrote a letter. A letter was written by Turki.

BUT which form of verb to be should I use?????????
Base Form (Bare infinitive) Present Simple Past Simple V2 P.P. V3 Pres. P. V4 ing-form be am is are was were has have been being had

be What agrees with the new subject The same tense of the main verb
To use one of the forms of verb to be, we have to meet two conditions: be The same tense of the main verb What agrees with the new subject ( object)

The same tense of the main verb
be

Tenses Taught in Semester 1:
Present Perfect Progressive Present Perfect Present Progressive Present Simple Future Simple Past Perfect Past Progressive Simple Past

Can you recognize the tense in these sentences?
They give us new books at the beginning of every year. They have been publishing these books for ten years. They are discussing the new rules at the highest level. The police caught the thieves last night. The earthquake has destroyed hundreds of houses. Have they cleaned the room yet? They will interview the potential candidate next week. They didn't see Mona this morning.

Present Perfect Progressive
Can you recognize the tense in these sentences? They give us new books at the beginning of every year. Present Simple Present Perfect Progressive They have been publishing these books for ten years. They are discussing the new rules at the highest level. Present Progressive The police caught the thieves last night. Simple Past The earthquake has destroyed hundreds of houses. Present Perfect Have they cleaned the room yet? Present Perfect They will interview the potential candidate next week. Future Simple They didn't see Mona this morning. Simple Past Negative

While the mechanic was fixing my car at the workshop yesterday, someone broke the windscreen The instructor had notified the students of the new procedures before he asked them to write their rough drafts.

While the mechanic was fixing my car at the workshop yesterday, someone broke the windscreen Past progressive Simple Past The instructor had notified the students of the new procedures before he asked them to write their rough drafts. Past Perfect Simple Past

Now can you give the equivalent passive of each tense?
give /gives Present Simple (am/is/are) given (has/ have) been being published have been publishing Present Perfect Progressive are discussing Present Progressive (am/is/are) being discussed caught Simple Past (was/were) caught has destroyed Present Perfect (has/have) been destroyed Have ……. cleaned …….? Present Perfect Have/Has ……. been cleaned ….? will interview Future Simple will be interviewed didn't see Simple Past Negative (wasn’t/weren’t) seen

(was/were) being fixed
Now can you give the equivalent passive of each tense? (was/were) being fixed (was/were) broken was fixing broke Past progressive Simple Past had notified asked Past Perfect had been notified (was/were) asked Simple Past

The Simple Present Active Passive
They write / don’t write the science column. He writes / doesn’t write the science columns. The science column is/ isn’t written by them. The science columns are/ aren’t written by him. Do they write the science column? Does he write the science columns? Is the science column written by them? Are the science columns written by him? What do the Dental students write? What does the Pharma student write? What is written by the Dental students? What is written by the Pharma student?

The Present Progressive
Active Passive He is fixing the stove. They aren’t using the main meeting room. The stove is being fixed. The main meeting room is not being used. Is the worker painting his condominium? Are they finalizing their biology project? Is his condominium being painted? Is their biology project being finalized? Where is he taking the guests? What are they doing about the new complaints? Where are the guests being taken? What is being done about the new complaints?

The Present Perfect Active Passive
He has broken / hasn’t broken the window. They have seen / have never seen a UFO in this country before. The window has/hasn’t been broken (by him). A UFO [has /has never] been seen in this country before. Has he (ever) broken the window? Have they (ever) seen a UFO in this country before? Has the window (ever) been broken (by him)? Has a UFO (ever) been seen in this country before? What has he broken? What have they seen in this country before? What has been broken? What has been seen in this country before?

The Present Perfect Progressive
Passive (Rarely used and considered awkward with this tense) Active They have been teaching anatomy and other medical courses in this college since 2007. Anatomy and other medical courses have been being taught in this college since 2007. Have those kids been torturing that kitten? Has that kitten been being tortured by those kids? What have they been teaching in this college since 2007? What has been being taught in this college since 2007?

The Simple Past Active Passive
Jane Austen wrote ‘Sense and Sensibility ‘ in 1811. No one knew his real name. The police didn’t find their hiding place. ‘Sense and Sensibility ‘ was written by Jane Austen in 1811. His real name wasn’t known. Their hiding place wasn’t found. Did they arrange her birthday party? Was her birthday party arranged? Where did they send him? Where was he sent ?

The Past Progressive Active Passive
He was cleaning the attic when he found his old jacket. While they were counting the votes, his campaign manager announced his withdrawal. The attic was being cleaned when his old jacket was found. While the votes were being counted, his withdrawal was announced by his campaign manager. Were they interviewing him when someone broke into his apartment? Was he being interviewed when his apartment was broken into? Where were they sending it? Where was it being sent?

The Past Perfect Active Passive
They broke the window after they had hit it with a stone. The window was broken after it had been hit with a stone. Had they completed the housework before they called their friends? Had the housework been completed before their friends were called? Why had they sent him to Malaysia earlier? Why had he been sent to Malaysia earlier?

Passive Active The Future Simple and other Modal Auxiliary Structures
They will send some warning letters soon. Ahmad is going to write the art column. They must obey the rules. Some warning letters will be sent soon. The art column is going to be written by Ahmad. The rules must be obeyed. Will they send the warning letters soon? Is Ahmad going to write the art column? Do they have to obey the rules? Can you deliver this envelope tonight? Will the warning letters be sent soon? Is the art column going to be written by Ahmad? Do the rules have to be obeyed? Can this envelope be delivered tonight? When will they send the warning letters? What will the Dental students write? When will the warning letters be sent? What will be written by the Dental students?

Ali takes the pills. are taken by Ali. The pills

People speak English in many countries.
English is spoken in many countries.

Someone robbed the bank yesterday.
The bank was robbed yesterday.

Our teacher will collect the projects tomorrow.
The projects will be collected tomorrow.

This suit has been made for me.
The tailor has made this suit for me. This suit has been made for me.

This house had been made using mud .
Builders had made this house using mud. This house had been made using mud .

The fence is painted once a year.
Jill paints the fence once a year. The fence is painted once a year.

A silk dress was bought by Sue.
Sue bought a silk dress for her sister’s wedding. A silk dress was bought by Sue.

They were arrested yesterday.
The police arrested them yesterday. They were arrested yesterday.

A lot of pictures have been taken by John and Paul since they arrived
John and Paul have taken a lot of pictures since they arrived on the island. A lot of pictures have been taken by John and Paul since they arrived on the island.

We asked her to help with the housework.
She was asked to help with the housework.

1. Cars are produced in this factory.
Scientific Process: Manufacturing Cars ( They produce cars in this factory. ) 1. Cars are produced in this factory.

2. The cars have already been checked in the blue area.
( Mechanics have already checked the cars in the blue area. ) 2. The cars have already been checked in the blue area.

( Electricians will install air-conditioning
in the cars in the red area. ) 3. Air-conditioning will be installed in the cars in the red area.

Passive Questions: (Simple Present)
Does Do Subject verb Object ? Am Is Are Object Verb 3 (by Subject) ?

Did Passive Questions: (Simple Past) Subject verb Object ? Was Were
(by Subject) ?

Passive Questions: (Present Perfect)
Has Have Subject V3 object ? Has Have object been V3 (by subject) ?

Passive Questions: (Past Perfect)
Had Subject Verb 3 Object ? Had Object been V3 (by Subject) ?

Will Will Passive Questions: (Simple Future: will + stem verb) Subject
Object ? Will Will Object be (by Subject) ? Verb 3

Passive Questions: (Simple Future: be going to + stem verb)
Am Is Are Subject going to verb Object ? Am Is Are Object going to be Verb 3 (by Subject) ?

Change the following into Passive.
1. Did they tell her the story? 2. What must we do about this? 3. What questions did they ask? 4. Has anyone changed the curtains yet? 5. Where did they park the car? 6. Will anyone tell him about the accident? 7. Has anyone dusted that blackboard yet? 8. Who is cleaning my room? First try to do these transformations yourself. The answers are on the following slides.

Did they tell her the story?
Was she told the story?

What must we do about this?
What must be done about this?

What questions did they ask?
What questions were asked?

Has anyone changed the curtains yet?
Have the curtains been changed yet?

Where did they park the car?
Where was the car parked?

Will anyone tell him about the accident?
Will he be told about the accident?

Has anyone dusted that blackboard yet?
Has that blackboard been dusted yet?

Who is my room being cleaned by?
Who is cleaning my room? Who is my room being cleaned by? OR Whom is my room being cleaned by?

Who was this letter written by?
Someone wrote this letter. ( Change into a passive question asking about the underlined. ) Step 1: Form an Active Question. Who wrote this letter? Step 2: Change the Active Question into a Passive Question. Who was this letter written by?

Researchers estimate that 8 million people in the United States are suffering from an Eating Disorder. It is estimated that 8 million people in the United States are suffering from an Eating Disorder.

Correct the following verbs. (ACTIVE or PASSIVE )
The window pane (break) _________________. Someone (cook) ___________________ a meal in the kitchen right now. We (ask)___________________ several questions by the police tonight. My cat (run over) ________________ by the milk van. This homework (must do) ___________________ tonight. Poems ( write) ________________________________ in every culture . People all over the world (know) ___________________ her name. The truck (loot)_____________________________________ when the police arrived. The guests (serve) ________________ some tea after they had a seat. The students (do) ____________ these exercises before. is broken/ was broken is cooking were asked / will be asked was run over must be done are written / were written/ have been written Know/ knew was being looted/ had already been looted were served have done

A. Correct the verb in parentheses. B
A. Correct the verb in parentheses. B. Then change the sentence into the PASSIVE. 1. Those boys (rear) _____________ these kittens for a long time. The dog (might, eat) ____________________ your meal. The patient (ought to, take) ________________ these pills every day. A freshman (have to, practice) _____________ English regularly. Whenever the wind blows, it (slam) ________________ the door. 6. Someone (have to, test)____________________ you on your English grammar. have been rearing Passive: These kittens have been being reared for a long time. might eat / might have eaten Passive: Your meal might be eaten /might have been eaten by the dog. ought to take Passive: These pills ought to be taken by the patient every day. has to practice Passive: English has to be practiced regularly. slams Passive: The door is slammed whenever the wind blows. has to test / had to test Passive: You have to be tested/ had to be tested on your English grammar.

Choose the correct answer
1. Hazel won the lottery. A. The lottery had been won by Hazel. B. The lottery was won by Hazel. C. The lottery is won by Hazel.

2. The police interrogated Bryan.
A. Bryan is interrogated by the police. B. Bryan was interrogated by the police. C. Bryan had been interrogated by the police.

3. Abu Malek has paid for the pizza.
A. The pizza was paid for by Abu Malek. B. The pizza has been paid for by Abu Malek. C. The pizza is paid for by Abu Malek.

4. Joy will meet you at the airport.
A. You will have met Joy at the airport. B. You would be met by Joy at the airport. C. You will be met by Joy at the airport.

5. People highly respect Berna´s opinion.
A. Berna´s opinion will be highly respected. B. Berna´s opinion was highly respected. C. Berna´s opinion is highly respected.

6. Amanda upset me by what she said.
A. I am upset by what Amanda said. B. I was upset by what Amanda said. C. I would be upset by what Amanda said.

7. Charms is going to inform Brian later.
A. Brian would be informed by Charms later. B. Brian is going to be informed by Charms later. C. Brian was going to be informed by Charms later.

8. The police arrested 10 rioters last night.
A. Ten rioters were going to be arrested last night. B. Ten rioters were arrested last night. C. Ten rioters should have been arrested last night.

9. The Dean may visit us next week.
A. We may be visited by the Dean next week. B. We maybe visited by the Dean next week. C. We must be visited by the Dean next week.

10. Studying hard could have saved you.
A. You could have saved by studying hard. B. You could have been saved by studying hard. C. You could be saved by studying hard.

As you have noticed, the Passive Voice of any tense contains this structure:
be V. 3 (Past Participle) is broken will be met was interrogated . is going to be informed could have been saved was being looted had been seen

Do you know the past and Past Participle forms of the irregular verbs ?
You have to know the past and Past Participle forms of the IRREGULAR VERBS by heart.

Mnemonic Rhyming Groups
A REFERENCE LIST Mnemonic Rhyming Groups Learning can be fun with Mnemonics! When we were kids, rhyming songs and phrases were some of the gimmicks used to make us remember different things. I hope sorting these Irregular Verbs into rhyming groups can help you memorize them in a short period of time. Actually some groups can be memorized in ONLY 10 SECONDS!!! Have a look at Group 3 !!!

Group 1 sing sang sung sink sank sunk drink drank drunk shrink shrank
SIMPLE FORM SIMPLE PAST PAST PARTICIPLE sing sang sung sink sank sunk drink drank drunk shrink shrank shrunk swim swam swum begin began begun run ran

Group 2 feed fed lead led breed bred read read* sell sold tell told
SIMPLE FORM SIMPLE PAST PAST PARTICIPLE feed fed lead led breed bred read read* (Pronounced as red) sell sold tell told slide slid hold held

Group 3 hit fit spit spit (spat) knit knit /(knitted) quit let set
SIMPLE FORM SIMPLE PAST PAST PARTICIPLE hit fit spit spit (spat) knit knit /(knitted) quit let set upset shut cut put cost hurt spread broadcast

Group 4 buy bought fight fought seek sought think thought bring
SIMPLE FORM SIMPLE PAST PAST PARTICIPLE buy bought fight fought seek sought think thought bring brought teach taught catch caught

Group 5 SIMPLE FORM SIMPLE PAST PAST PARTICIPLE bend bent send sent
lend lent spend spent build built sleep slept keep kept creep crept weep wept sweep swept leap leapt (leaped) feel felt mean meant dream dreamt /(dreamed) meet met leave left lose lost burn burnt /(burned)

Group 6 hang hung hang (to kill ) hanged dig dug shoot shot stand
SIMPLE FORM SIMPLE PAST PAST PARTICIPLE hang hung hang (to kill ) hanged dig dug shoot shot stand stood understand understood stick stuck strike struck sit sat win won make made pay paid lay laid say said light lit / (lighted) find found founded

throw threw thrown grow grew grown blow blew blown draw drew drawn
Group 7 SIMPLE FORM SIMPLE PAST PAST PARTICIPLE throw threw thrown grow grew grown blow blew blown draw drew drawn withdraw withdrew withdrawn fly flew flown know knew known

Group 9 dive dived/dove dived do did done go went gone hear heard have
SIMPLE FORM SIMPLE PAST PAST PARTICIPLE dive dived/dove dived do did done go went gone hear heard have had be ( am , is , are) was, were been come came become became overcome overcame see saw seen sawed sawn /(sawed) lie lied lay lain laid

Thank You and Good Luck Mr. Hani M. Al-Tahrawi Eng-112 Pre-Dental Batch 2 Pre-Pharma Batch 2 March, 2012

CHAPTER 10 Passive Voice Mr. Hani M. Al-Tahrawi Eng-112

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