1. The Cell

5. What is “ Cell Theory ” ?  The idea that all living things are made up of cells.

6. What ’ s so special about cells?  Cells are the smallest functional units of all living things. Yeast Cells

7. Where do cells come from?  All cells come from preexisting cells through cell division. Bean Cells in Mitosis

8. Definition of the Cell  A cell is the smallest unit that is capable of performing life functions.

9. Would you like to see some examples? Even if you don ’ t, too bad.

10. Remember…  These are magnified images taken with microscopes  Some cells have been stained with color so you can see them better.

11. Nerve Cell

12. Bacteria Cell

13. Tree cells from the stomach of a possum.

14. Brain Cell

15. Cornstalk Cells

16. Mammalian Tissue

17. Two Types of Cells  Prokaryotic  Eukaryotic

18. Prokaryotic  One-celled organisms  Example: Bacteria  Few internal structures surrounded by membranes Cells Dividing: Bacteria from a Taxi Cab

19. Eukaryotic  Contain organelles surrounded by membranes  Most living organisms Plant Humans & Animals

20. “ Typical ” Animal Cell

21. “ Typical ” Plant Cell

22. Cell Parts and Functions Cell Wall Plant, not animal cells Outer layer, rigid, strong, stiff Made of cellulose

23. Cell Parts and Functions Cell Membrane Plant & animal cells Protects the cell Lets things in and out of the cell Location: around the cell

24. Nucleus  Plant & animal cells  Large & oval  Control center  Location: Inside the cell, Near the center Cell Parts and Functions

25. Nucleolus (Nucleoli) Plant & animal cells Makes ribosomes Location: inside the nucleus (dark spot) Nuclear Membrane Plant & animal cells Protects around nucleus Lets things in/out of nucleus (pores) Selectively permeable cell

26. Cell Parts and Functions Cytoplasm  Plant & Animal  Clear, thick, jellylike  Holds all organelles in cell  Location: in cell

27. Cell Parts and Functions Chromatin/Chromosomes  In Plant & Animal Cells  Contains genetic information/traits  Location: In nucleus

28. Cell Parts and Functions Endoplasmic Reticulum (E.R.)  Plant & animal cells  Network of tubes and membranes  Transports materials and sends messages to all parts of the cell  Two types: smooth and rough (has ribosomes)  Location: attaches from cell membrane to nuclear membrane

29. Rough E.R.

30. Cell Parts and Functions Ribosome  Plant & Animal Cells  Makes proteins  Small circular shape  Location: In Cytoplasm or Attached to E.R.

31. Mitochondria  Plant & animal  Bean shaped with inner membranes  Makes energy/powerhouse  Breaks down sugar into energy  Location: In Cytoplasm

32. Mitochondria

33. Cell Structure & Function Vacuole Plant = few/large Animal = small Fluid filled sacs Stores food, water & waste Location: In cytoplasm

34. Vacuole

35.  What does a vacuole remind you of?

36. Golgi Bodies or Golgi Apparatus  Located in Plant & Animal Cells  Packages and secretes  Gets rid of waste  Location: in cytoplasm

37.  What does a Golgi Body remind you of?

38. GOLGI APPARATUS

39. Cell Parts and Functions Lysosome Plant & Animal Cells Contains digestive enzymes Destroys bacteria, old cell parts… Location: in cytoplasm Centrioles Plant & Animal Cells Helps the cell to divide Location: in cytoplasm

40. Cell Parts and Functions Cilia Most Plant, Animal & Bacteria Cells Short hair-like projections Used for movement Location: outside of cell Flagella Most Plant, Animal & Bacteria Cells Long whip-like tail Used for movement Location: outside of cell

41. What ’ s that?

42. ?

43. Cell Structures and Functions Chloroplast Only in plant cells Contains chlorophyll Makes plants green Traps light energy from the sun Light Energy = Chemical Energy (Where photosynthesis occurs) Chemical Energy = Food for the Plant

44. Cell Structures and Functions Plastids  Found in Plant Cells  Stores extra food  Located in cytoplasm

45. Can you name these plant cell parts? A. B. C.

46. Cell Parts and Functions Cytoskeleton Also called Microfilament Plant & Animal Cells Made of thin hallow tubes Like a spider web Supports & transports “ Super Highway ” Microfilament (cytoskeleton) of mouse embryo fibroblasts, stained with FITC-phalloidin (100- fold magnification.)

47. Can you name these animal cell parts? Cell Membrane Rough E.R. Ribosome's Cytoskeleton or Microfilaments Mitochondria #1 #2 #3 #4 #5