1. Part of the Cell

2. Cell Theory All organisms are composed of one or more cells Cells are the smallest living things Cells come from other cells

3. Does Size Really Matter Yes Surface area to volume ratio

4. Microscopes Resolution: the minimum distance two points can be apart and still be distinguished as two separate items Light Microscope Transmission Electron Microscope

5. What do all cells have? Centrally located genetic material Cytoplasm Plasma membrane

6. Prokaryotic Cells

7. Peptido…who? Gram Positive Vs Gram Negative Archeabacteria lack peptidoglycan

8. Dynein Walking

12. Think Back…. What are some examples of evidence that state that Eukaryotes may be more closely related to archaebacteria than prokaryotes?

13. Plant Cell

14. Animal Cell

28. LE 6-14a Phagocytosis: lysosome digesting food 1 µm Plasma membrane Food vacuole Lysosome Nucleus Digestive enzymes Digestion Lysosome Lysosome contains active hydrolytic enzymes Food vacuole fuses with lysosome Hydrolytic enzymes digest food particles

35. Microbodies Enzyme bearing membrane enclosed vesicles –Peroxisomes- catalyze the removal of electrons associated with hydrogen atoms –Glyoxysomes- in plants convert fats in to carbohydrates

36. Mitochondria and Chloroplasts Involves in energy metabolism Both contain their own DNA and protein synthesis machinery…what does this say>? Both surrounded by a double membrane Arrived in the cells by endosymbiosis

37. Mitochondria Metabolize sugar to generate ATP Crista

38. Chloroplasts Use light to generate ATP

39. Fibers of The Cytoskeleton MIcrofilaments- 2 protein chains loosely twined Microtubules- largest- hollow tubes Intermediate filaments

40. What is the function of the cytoskeleton fibers? Modulate cell shape Permit cell movement Move materials within the cytoplasm –Kineson moves towards the outside of the cell –Dynein moves towards the inside of the cell

41. Extracellular Structures and Cell Movement Actin fillaments allow some cells to crawl., forward movement achieved by myosin Cilia and Flagella- 9+2 structure (fundamental component of eukaryotic cells)

42. Cell Wall Provide Protection and Support Found in plants, fungi and protists –Plants and protists made of cellulose –Fungi made of chitin Primary walls, midddle lamella, some have secondary walls

43. Extracellular Matrix (ECM) Animals lack cell walls so they have ECM to protect them –Glycoproteins –Collagen –Elastin –Fibronectin Integrins