1. Understanding the relationship between neoliberalism, structural violence, and poverty

2. Neoliberalism Neoliberalism and International Dvpt Structural Adjustment Programs SAPs and Structural Violence Structural Violence and Women in India

4. Capitalism - INDUSTRY  Promote free exchange of goods and services  Economic growth/welfare is the yardstick for good government  Stimulate the private sector – private sector, industry is the KEY to economic growth  How to encourage accumulation of wealth (capital) at a macro (municipality/state/country level) Neoliberalism- INDIVIDUAL  Emphasis on the individual, free will  State to only provide a SUPPORTIVE environment for free market  Human dignity tied to individual effort  How to control, manage, manipulate the individual/individual bodies/populations

5.  1940s  End of World War II  Focus on reconstructing European economies  Keynesian economics- WELFARE STATE to provide for people’s needs  Beginning of Cold War  Creation of IMF and World Bank in 1944

6.  1950s/60s (encouraging capitalism)  Creation of the “Third World”  Development on a progressive scale (“you can be as developed as us”!)  Flow of money to the Third World for strengthening industry, infrastructure  Disillusionment with Vietnam War

7.  1970s:  Fear of spread of Communism  Aid to developing countries increases  infrastructure and technical asssistance  No consideration for internal socio-cultural, political or economic factors  Developing countries buckle under foreign debt

8.  1980s- 2000s (neoliberalism):  Height of the Cold War  Reagan administration promotes FREE MARKET policies in developing countries to combat communism  Development aid shifts from technical assistance and infrastructure to GOVERNANCE

9. Promoting privatization, private enterprise, market reform (subtle shift in emphasis from capitalism to neoliberalism) DEVELOPMENT ASSISTANCE WAS NOW POLICY-BASED - CALLED STRUCTURAL ADJUSTMENT PROGRAMS

10.  We will lend you money/technology/resources IF:  You open up your economy to imports  You prioritize exporting as this will help you pay off your debt  Use our technologies/know-how/chemicals to stimulate the agricultural sector (India’s Green Revolution)  Promote free elections, free press, power to the local government

11.  Encourage imports  Prioritize exports  Use our technologies/know- how/chemicals  Promote democracy ?? ?? ?? ??

14.  Population: 1.2 billion (i.e.1,200,000,000!)  Poor: More than 30% below the poverty line – Approx. 400 million people (more than the entire population of the US!)  Rural: 75%  Illiterate: More than 40%

15. 60% of the economy depends on it for work World’s largest area under: – Wheat – Rice – Cotton World’s largest producer of: – Milk – Pulses – Spices World’s largest number of cattle

17.  25% of labor force  85% employed in agriculture  Other sources of employment  Handicrafts  Modern industry  Service  Manual labor

18.  Cheaper imports meant small, local food producers couldn’t compete with cheap goods from outside  Focus on exports meant consolidating small farms into bigger units  India paid for Western technology to purchase fertilizers/pesticides to increase food production

19.  Soil lost its fertility  Altered land use  Changed the social structure – and the organization of social class  Created more poor  Escalation of frustration, violence, drug-use within the unemployed  Who are most likely to become jehadis, according to Blake?  CHANGED LABOR DEMAND

20.  Small farmers gave up agriculture, moved to the city  Demand for consumer goods rose  Country focused on ECONOMIC GROWTH over WELFARE  Burden of agricultural work falls on women  Growth of slums in cities  Increase in remittance to villages

21.  Limited access to education  Limited access to credit (don’t own land/cattle)  Paid lower wages than men  Limited access technology and vocational skills Therefore, THE MOST DISPENSIBLE economically - become victims of STRUCTURAL VIOLENCE

22. Neoliberalism Entrepreneurship/ Less Government Increased competition SAPs Exports, Free Trade, Western technology Rural and Urban Poverty Women Marginalization Human and Organ Trafficking, Surrogacy

23.  Focus on controlling populations  Reducing people to a statistic?  EMPOWERMENT  Do empowerment programs reach everyone?  Community Participation  Self-help groups, microfinance  Women get more political power

25.  Microfinance http://fordhampoliticalreview.org/microfinance-in- bangladesh/

26.  Self help Groups (through NGOs)

27.  https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CPJj17vNjFQ https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CPJj17vNjFQ

28. Neoliberalism Neoliberalism and International Dvpt Structural Adjustment Programs SAPs and Structural Violence Structural Violence and Women in India

29.  Chinese Table – for those interested in Chinese language and culture (East Asia Program)  All experience levels welcome!  October 15th October 29th November 12 th  12:30 pm – 1:30 pm 12:30 pm – 1:30 pm 12:30 pm – 1:30 pm  Eggers 341 Eggers 341 Eggers 352