1. Prominence Marking Devices of the Greek New Testament Steven Runge, DLitt.

2. Prominence Marking in the GNT2 Objectives Develop a framework Develop a framework Gain a working, applied knowledge Gain a working, applied knowledge Integrate with current understanding Integrate with current understanding Own your corpus Own your corpus

3. Prominence Marking in the GNT3 Daily Schedule 8:30-9:15 Introduce new concepts 9:15-10:00 Application to sample passages 10:00-10:15 Break 10:15-11:00 Introduce new concepts 11:00-11:45 Application to sample passages 11:45-12:00 Q and A 12:00-1:00 Lunch break 1:00-4:00 Independent study, one-on-one appointments available 4:00-5:00 Q and A, sharing insights from your corpus

4. Prominence Marking in the GNT4 What to expect If you use a device, I’ll parse it. If you use a device, I’ll parse it. “It’s a rat’s nest.” “It’s a rat’s nest.” “It’s too simple,” or “How do you know?” “It’s too simple,” or “How do you know?”

5. Prominence Marking in the GNT5 Grammar Review Paragraph < Sentence < Clause < Phrase < Word Nouns/Adjectives: Case, number and gender

6. Prominence Marking in the GNT6 Grammar Review Paragraph < Sentence < Clause < Phrase < Word Nouns/Adjectives: Case, number and gender Verbs: Tense, voice, mood, number and person Cases: Nominative, Accusative, Genitive, Dative

7. Prominence Marking in the GNT7 Grammatical choices as authorial intent Choice implies meaning Choice implies meaning The principle The principle

8. Prominence Marking in the GNT8 Grammatical choices as authorial intent Choice implies meaning Choice implies meaning 1. You did a great job. 2. I really want you to know that your did a great job. 3. From my standpoint, you did a great job. 4. Honestly, you did a great job. 5. Seriously, you did a good job.

9. Prominence Marking in the GNT9 Grammatical choices as authorial intent Choice implies meaning Choice implies meaning The principle The principle The corollary: If there is no choice, there is no meaning to associate with it. The corollary: If there is no choice, there is no meaning to associate with it.

10. Prominence Marking in the GNT10 Choice implies meaning Indicative verbs vs. Participles Mark 5:25 Indicative verbs vs. Participles Mark 5:25Mark 5:25Mark 5:25 Choices based on goals/objectives Choices based on goals/objectives Choices can lead to inferences Choices can lead to inferencesinferences

11. Prominence Marking in the GNT11 Grammatical choices as authorial intent Choice implies meaning Choice implies meaning Default versus Marked Default versus Marked

12. Prominence Marking in the GNT12 Markedness Organizational framework Organizational framework Simplifies complex system into binary Simplifies complex system into binary Relies upon the power of the pattern Relies upon the power of the pattern

13. Prominence Marking in the GNT13 Markedness Organizational framework Organizational framework Simplifies complex system into binary Simplifies complex system into binary Relies upon the power of the pattern Relies upon the power of the pattern Default: most basic element, unmarked for features Default: most basic element, unmarked for features Other members described by how they differ from default Other members described by how they differ from default

14. Prominence Marking in the GNT14 Markedness Default patterns create expectations Default patterns create expectations Departures from the expectations stand out Departures from the expectations stand out We are wired to assign meaning to such things We are wired to assign meaning to such things

15. Prominence Marking in the GNT15 Markedness

16. Prominence Marking in the GNT16 Markedness-Summary Default: most basic element, unmarked for features Default: most basic element, unmarked for features Other members signal or “mark” some feature that is not marked by the default. Other members signal or “mark” some feature that is not marked by the default. Default and Marked are not opposites Default and Marked are not opposites

17. Prominence Marking in the GNT17 Grammatical choices as authorial intent Choice implies meaning Choice implies meaning Default versus Marked Default versus Marked Semantic meaning vs. Pragmatic effect Semantic meaning vs. Pragmatic effect

18. Prominence Marking in the GNT18 Semantic Meaning-Pragmatic Effect Semantic meaning: the inherent meaning of something Semantic meaning: the inherent meaning of something

19. Prominence Marking in the GNT19 Semantic Meaning-Pragmatic Effect Semantic meaning: the inherent meaning of something Semantic meaning: the inherent meaning of something Pragmatic effect: the effect achieved by using something in a particular context Pragmatic effect: the effect achieved by using something in a particular context Meaning does not change, but the various effects do change Meaning does not change, but the various effects do change

20. Prominence Marking in the GNT20 Semantic Meaning-Pragmatic Effect Glenda Glenda My wife My wife The wife The wife Your sister, your mother Your sister, your mother This woman I married This woman I married Luke 15:29 Luke 15:29 Luke 15:29 Luke 15:29

21. Prominence Marking in the GNT21 Grammatical choices as authorial intent Choice implies meaning Choice implies meaning Default versus Marked Default versus Marked Semantic meaning vs. Pragmatic effect Semantic meaning vs. Pragmatic effect Principles, not rules Principles, not rules

22. Prominence Marking in the GNT22 Sample Passages Indicative verbs vs. Participles Eph. 2:1-5 Indicative verbs vs. Participles Eph. 2:1-5Eph. 2:1-5Eph. 2:1-5