1. Fig. 12-1

2. Fig. 12-2 100 µm200 µm 20 µm (a) Reproduction (b) Growth and development (c) Tissue renewal

3. Fig. 12-2a 100 µm (a) Reproduction

4. Fig. 12-2b 200 µm (b) Growth and development

5. Fig. 12-2c 20 µm (c) Tissue renewal

6. Fig. 12-3 20 µm

7. Fig. 12-4 0.5 µmChromosomes Chromosome duplication (including DNA synthesis) Chromo- some arm Centromere Sister chromatids DNA molecules Separation of sister chromatids Centromere Sister chromatids

8. Fig. 12-5 S (DNA synthesis) MITOTIC (M) PHASE Mitosis Cytokinesis G1G1 G2G2

9. Fig. 12-6 G 2 of Interphase Centrosomes (with centriole pairs) Chromatin (duplicated) Nucleolus Nuclear envelope Plasma membrane Early mitotic spindle Aster Centromere Chromosome, consisting of two sister chromatids Prophase Prometaphase Fragments of nuclear envelope Nonkinetochore microtubules Kinetochore microtubule Metaphase plate Spindle Centrosome at one spindle pole Anaphase Daughter chromosomes Telophase and Cytokinesis Cleavage furrow Nucleolus forming Nuclear envelope forming

10. Prophase Fig. 12-6a Prometaphase G 2 of Interphase

11. Fig. 12-6b PrometaphaseProphase G 2 of Interphase Nonkinetochore microtubules Fragments of nuclear envelope Aster Centromere Early mitotic spindle Chromatin (duplicated) Centrosomes (with centriole pairs) Nucleolus Nuclear envelope Plasma membrane Chromosome, consisting of two sister chromatids Kinetochore microtubule

12. Fig. 12-6c MetaphaseAnaphase Telophase and Cytokinesis

13. Fig. 12-6d MetaphaseAnaphase Telophase and Cytokinesis Cleavage furrow Nucleolus forming Metaphase plate Centrosome at one spindle pole Spindle Daughter chromosomes Nuclear envelope forming

14. Fig. 12-7 Microtubules Chromosomes Sister chromatids Aster Metaphase plate Centrosome Kineto- chores Kinetochore microtubules Overlapping nonkinetochore microtubules Centrosome 1 µm 0.5 µm

15. Cleavage furrow Fig. 12-9a 100 µm Daughter cells (a) Cleavage of an animal cell (SEM) Contractile ring of microfilaments

16. Fig. 12-9b Daughter cells (b) Cell plate formation in a plant cell (TEM) Vesicles forming cell plate Wall of parent cell New cell wallCell plate 1 µm

17. Fig. 12-10 Chromatin condensing Metaphase AnaphaseTelophase Prometaphase Nucleus Prophase 1 2 3 5 4 Nucleolus Chromosomes Cell plate 10 µm

18. Fig. 12-10a Nucleus Prophase 1 Nucleolus Chromatin condensing

19. Fig. 12-10b Prometaphase 2 Chromosomes

20. Fig. 12-10c Metaphase 3

21. Fig. 12-10d Anaphase 4

22. Fig. 12-10e Telophase 5 Cell plate 10 µm

23. Fig. 12-UN2

24. Fig. 12-11-1 Origin of replication Two copies of origin E. coli cell Bacterial chromosome Plasma membrane Cell wall

25. Fig. 12-11-2 Origin of replication Two copies of origin E. coli cell Bacterial chromosome Plasma membrane Cell wall Origin

26. Fig. 12-11-3 Origin of replication Two copies of origin E. coli cell Bacterial chromosome Plasma membrane Cell wall Origin

27. Fig. 12-11-4 Origin of replication Two copies of origin E. coli cell Bacterial chromosome Plasma membrane Cell wall Origin

28. Fig. 12-12 (a) Bacteria Bacterial chromosome Chromosomes Microtubules Intact nuclear envelope (b) Dinoflagellates Kinetochore microtubule Intact nuclear envelope (c) Diatoms and yeasts Kinetochore microtubule Fragments of nuclear envelope (d) Most eukaryotes

29. Fig. 12-20 Tumor A tumor grows from a single cancer cell. Glandular tissue Lymph vessel Blood vessel Metastatic tumor Cancer cell Cancer cells invade neigh- boring tissue. Cancer cells spread to other parts of the body. Cancer cells may survive and establish a new tumor in another part of the body. 1 2 3 4

30. Fig. 12-UN1 Telophase and Cytokinesis Anaphase Metaphase Prometaphase Prophase MITOTIC (M) PHASE Cytokinesis Mitosis S G1G1 G2G2