1. Muscles
Types of muscle

2. Our Objectives Today Continue familiarisation with muscles
Learn how muscles work antagonistically
Learn the 2 types of muscular contractions

3. Deltoids Trapezius Pectorals Biceps Triceps Abdominals Gluteals
How did you do?
Deltoids
Trapezius
Pectorals
Biceps
Triceps
Latissimus Dorsi
Abdominals
Gluteals
Hamstrings
Quadriceps
Gastrocnemius
Front View
Back View

4. Antagonistic Muscles

5. Flexion (Bending) of the Arm
The agonist or prime mover – the name of the muscle that contract and create movement.
The antagonist – the name of the muscle that relaxes to allow movement to occur.
Antagonist
(Triceps relax)
Agonist or Prime Mover
(Biceps contract)
Other muscles support the prime mover (agonist) in creating movement and these are called synergists.

6. Extension (Straightening) of the Arm
Locate and name the following parts involved in the extension of the arm:
Agonist (prime mover)
Antagonist
Any Bones
Triceps: agonist
(prime mover)
contracting muscle
Biceps: antagonist
relaxing muscle

7. The effects of Lifestyle and Performance Enhancing Drugs.
Muscular System
The effects of Lifestyle and Performance Enhancing Drugs.

8. Rest Why do we need it? Allows muscles to repair
Rebuild for the next session and strengthen
What do the athletes do?
Leading up to a competition they reduce the number of sessions a week but increase the intensity of each session to allow for recover. (Short Term)
After the competition they take a complete break from training before starting again to prepare for the next season. (Long Term)

9. Diet Carbohydrates Water (fluids e.g. energy drinks)
Protein e.g. meat, fish, eggs, nuts build and replenish muscles.
Prevents Atrophy.
Eat no less than 2 hours before and no longer than 2 hours after.

10. Performance Enhancing Drugs
Not needed with a good diet!!!!
Most are banned substances in sport.
Anabolic Steroids – build muscle size e.g. bodybuilders and strength e.g. sprinters and throwers.
They work building muscle increasing the recovery so athletes train harder for longer.
Recover from injury much quicker
Banned because bad for health and unfair advantage.

11. How does a strong muscular system help in everyday life?
Increase work capacity/intensity
Decrease chance of injury
Prevent lower back pain
Improve or prevent bad posture
Improve athletic performance
Aid rehabilitation after injury or illness
Improve body image.

12. Questions
Name the muscle responsible for bending the leg at the knee joint (1)
After a tennis player strikes the ball, the racket arm will follow through and move across the body. Name the muscle responsible for adducting the upper arm at the shoulder (1)
What is the anatomical name for the Calf muscle (1).
What type of movement is the deltoid able to create? Give an example of this in sport. (3)
What is hypertrophy? (2)
Which of these muscles work antagonistically: Bicep, Hamstrings, Deltoid, Quadriceps, Pectorals. (2)
Name an 3 immediate effects of exercise on the muscular system (3)
What causes muscular fatigue? (1)
Rest is important to include in a programme of training, why is this? (2)
Explain the difference between Isotonic and Isometric contractions, give a sporting example for each. (4)