1. -integral to VOCALS objectives -we want to do the best we can: * marine stratus over ocean is the idealization many retrievals of warm cloud properties are based on * VOCALS an opportunity to both nail down retrievals & use “retrieval-breakdowns” to better understand cloud/aerosol/precip behavior * unique characteristic/opportunity for VOCALS Liquid water path measurements during VOCALS -integral to understanding/quantifying cloud-aerosol-precipitation interactions -VOCALS providing unique opportunities Paquita Zuidema, RSMAS/U of Miami U of Wyoming, Laramie, August 25,2008

2. During EPIC, LWPs used to assess models and construct further microphysical retrievals

3. cc rere NdNd Factor of -1 in slope, as expected from theory 110 < LWP <121 g m -2 121 < LWP <133 g m -2 133 < LWP <146 g m -2 Pt Reyes, CA ARM data N CCN Aerosol scatteringAerosol index McComiskey and Feingold 2007 LWPs needed to quantify aerosol indirect effects

4. SEP region remarkably drizzly: what is the relationship to LWP, aerosol, mesoscale organization? day night Leon, Wang & Liu, 2008 Note that in SEP region much drizzle evaporates before reaching the surface, changing traditional views on the role of drizzle

5. NOAA Lidar: Epic radar+ lidar Lidar could provide insight into mesoscale organization Janet Intrieri

6. my own research… A depth-dependent boundary lapse rate that accounts for boundary layer decoupling was empirically deduced from radiosondes and applied to develop a MODIS cloud top height estimate

8. modis ship modis ship Aerosol Cloud depth current work: assess synoptic influence on cloud droplet number concentration builds on Brenguier and collaborators type of ACE analysis

9. For VOCALS-Rex: Liquid water path measurements 1. C-130 Andrew Pazmany’s 183 GHz MWR upward-pointing (NSF) 2. Ron Brown: non-NOAA 2-channel MWR + ARM Radiometrics 183 GHz MWR (technically not supported, personal loan + ARM instrument request w/ Dr. Maria Cadeddu)

10. Why new microwave radiometers ? Current NOAA radiometers have an approximate accuracy of 30 g m -2 at 10-minute resolution Zuidema et al. 2005 Okay for diurnal composite, statistical evaluations adiabatic LWP retrieved LWP Local time adiabatic LWP retrieved LWP For aerosol-cloud-precip evaluations at the eddy scale & r e retrievals, would prefer higher accuracy

11. Cimini et al. 2007

12. 183-GHz radiometer wing lines still sensitive to liquid water and not saturated by SEP water vapor for an instrument noise level of 0.2 K @ 200 ms (Pazmany,2006), a LWP uncertainty of ~ 2 g m -2 all else - WVP - assumed constant 14 7 Using an EPIC sounding

13. Using epic soundings, Physical retrieval + neural net both find 10 g m -2 clear-sky LWP error for individual measurements, 4 g m -2 bias relative to simulated LWPs Excludes instrument calibration issues, but Radiometrics183 Ghz performed well in Barrow. => Have some confidence in ship-based measurements

14. C-130 will lack a 20 Ghz MWR with which to separately retrieve water vapor, however. 183 Ghz wing line measurements not enough information for both water vapor and liquid water path retrievals What to do? -assume water vapor field more homogeneous than LWP ? -use ship-based data to assess wvp variability? -even if LWPs not absolutely known, their variability can be? -can be bounded by adiabatically-determined LWPs?

15. Overflights of the Ron Brown by the C-130 valuable comparison opportunities In addition am hoping for one high-altitude climb by the C130 for a good cold-space-calibration brightness temperature reading.

16. Suggestions, thoughts ?