1. Simple and Compound Sentences
Know the difference between compound and simple sentences and how to write them. 1

2. Simple Sentences (independent clauses)
A simple sentence contains a subject, a verb, and expresses a complete thought.
The dog barks.
The cat screeches.
The bird flies away. 2

3. Simple Sentences (independent clauses)
The sentences below are still simple sentences because there is still only one verb.
The dog barks loudly at the mail carrier
Deep in the middle of the night, the cat shrieks a dreadful melody.
After its bath, the bird flew away. 3

4. Examples of simple sentences include the following:
Joe waited for the train.
"Joe" = subject, "waited" = verb
Mary and Samantha took the bus.
"Mary and Samantha" = compound subject, "took" = verb
I looked for Mary and Samantha at the bus station.
"I" = subject, "looked" = verb

5. The dog barks and the cat screeches and the bird flew away.
Compound Sentences
Compound sentences are two or more simple sentences joined by a coordinator.
The dog barks.
The cat screeches.
The bird flew away.
What would you do to make one sentence from these three simple sentences?
Many people would just add “and”.
The dog barks and the cat screeches and the bird flew away. 5

6. The dog barks and the cat screeches and the bird flew away.
Compound Sentences
Compound sentences are two or more simple sentences joined by a coordinator. The coordinators are: for, and, nor, but, or, yet, so
if you think of the words "FAN BOYS":
For
And
Nor
But Or
Yet So
The dog barks and the cat screeches and the bird flew away.
Notice, this sentence has three independent clauses in it, this means each sentence will make sense on its own. 6

7. The dog barks and the cat screeches and the bird flew away.
Compound Sentences
Compound sentences are two or more simple sentences joined by a coordinator. The coordinators are: for, and, nor, but, or, yet, so
if you think of the words "FAN BOYS":
For
And
Nor
But Or
Yet So
The dog barks and the cat screeches and the bird flew away.
Notice, this sentence has three independent clauses in it, this means each sentence will make sense on its own. 7

8. Compound Sentences
Compound sentences are two or more simple sentences joined by a coordinator.
The coordinators are: for, and, nor, but, or, yet, so
However, it is quite boring to read endless sentences linked with “and” or “and then”
The dog barks and then the cat shrieks and then the bird flies away and then the picture got ruined and it made me mad and I yelled at the dog. 8

9. Compound Sentences
Compound sentences are two or more simple sentences joined by a coordinator.
The coordinators are: for, and, nor, but, or, yet, so
However, it is quite boring to read endless sentences linked with “and” or “and then”
The dog barks and then the cat shrieks and then the bird flies away and then the picture got ruined and it made me mad and I yelled at the dog. 9

10. Compound Sentences
Compound sentences are two or more simple sentences joined by a coordinating conjunction.
The coordinating conjunctions are: for, and, nor, but, or, yet, so
However, there are other coordinating conjunctions: if, because, unless, when, although. These are especially useful to show the relationship between the two ideas in the independent clauses.
The dog barks because it is hungry.
The cat shrieks if it is threatened by the dog.
The bird flew away, although it didn’t go far. 10

11. More Examples Joe waited for the train, but the train was late.
Mary and Samantha arrived at the bus station before noon, and they left on the
bus before I arrived.
Mary and Samantha left on the bus before I arrived, so I did not see them at the bus station

12. More Examples Joe waited for the train, but the train was late.
Mary and Samantha arrived at the bus station before noon, and they left on the
bus before I arrived.
Mary and Samantha left on the bus before I arrived, so I did not see them at the bus station

13. THREE SENTENCE PATTERNS:
Subject + Verb
Subject + Verb + Direct Object
Subject + Verb + Indirect Object + Direct Object

14. SUBJECT+VERB Subject + Verb
In its simplest form, a sentence has two parts: a subject and a verb. They express a complete thought when they are together. Remember a sentence is like a bike…
Subject + Verb
Answers who/what is doing the action?
Options: noun or pronoun
Shows an action or a state of being
Options: action verb, linking verb,
or verb phrase (helping verb + main verb)

15. Subject + Verb Dog barks. I am. Siblings argue. All should go.
He and I arrived.
Action verb
Linking verb
Verb phrase
Singular noun
Pronoun
Plural noun
Proper Noun
Compound subject

16. Subjects and verbs must AGREE with one another in number (singular or plural).
Thus, if a subject is singular, its verb must also be singular; if a subject is plural, its verb must also be plural.
In the present tense, nouns and verbs form plurals in opposite ways:
nouns ADD an s to the singular form;
verbs REMOVE the s from the singular form.

17. In its simplest form, a sentence has two parts: a subject and a verb
In its simplest form, a sentence has two parts: a subject and a verb. They express a complete thought when they are together. Remember a sentence is like a bike…

19. These agreement rules do not apply to verbs used in the simple past tense without any helping verbs.

20. The agreement rules do, however, apply to the following helping verbs when they are used with a main verb: is-are, was-were, has-have, does-do.

21. The agreement rules do not apply to has-have when used as the SECOND helping verb in a pair.

22. They do NOT apply to any other helping verbs, such as can, could, shall, should, may, might, will, would, must.

23. The subject-verb agreement rules apply to all personal pronouns except I and you, which, although SINGULAR, require PLURAL forms of verbs.

24. EXERCISE
1] At Yellowstone Park grizzly bears (doesn’t, don’t) have names; they have numbers.
2] In the meeting between human and bear, a wild-card factor (throws, throw) all calculations and studies to the wind.
3] The Yellowstone authorities should (has, have) kept thorough records on each bear.
4] When some bears (encounters, encounter) people, it is the bear who runs.
5] The great national parks (holds, hold) about 200 grizzlies, with possibly 30 of them being breeding females.

25. Know the structure of the sentence.
Subject Verb Object
Know the structure of the sentence. 25

26. Subject + Verb + Direct Object
PATTERN #2: SUBJECT + VERB + DIRECT OBJECT
Subject + Verb + Direct Object
Who or What?
Noun or pronoun
ACTION verb OR VERB PHRASE
(helping verb + action verb)
Receives the action of the verb
Ask yourself: [verb] what?
Example: Jenny made a cake.
Subject: Jenny
Verb: made
Direct Object: cake

27. EXAMPLES The woman built a strong stone wall.
The children eat buns, cakes, and biscuits.
The professor threw an orange.

28. Subject + Verb + Indirect Object + Direct Object
PATTERN #3: SUBJECT +VERB + INDIRECT OBJECT + DIRECT OBJECT
Subject + Verb + Indirect Object + Direct Object
Who or What?
Noun or pronoun
ACTION verb OR VERB PHRASE
(helping verb + action verb)
Identifies to or for whom or what
the action of the verb is performed
Ask yourself: [verb] to/for whom/what?
Receives the action of the verb
Ask yourself: [verb] what?
Example: Jenny made Dad a cake.
Subject: Jenny
Verb: made
Indirect Object: Dad
Direct Object: cake

29. examples Grandfather will leave the dogs his money.
The teacher gave her students A's.
Grandfather will leave the dogs his money.
The pirate sold me his boat.

30. examples Show me your hands. The milk has turned sour. The sun rose.
I lent her my pen.
Who broke the jug?