1. Figure 1.1. Gustave Caillebotte, On the Europe Bridge, 1877, Oil on canvas, 105 cm x 130 cm, Kimbell Art Museum, Fort Worth, Texas

2. Figure 1.2 Egon Schiele, Blind Mother, 1914. Oil on Canvas. 99 x 120 cm. Collection of Dr. Rudolf Leopold, Vienna. Plate 50 in Mitsch, E. (1974) Egon Schiele, London: Phaidon Press Ltd.

3. Figure 1.3. M.C.Escher, Drawing Hands, 1948. Lithograph. 28.5 x 34 cm. Cordon Art, B.V.- Baam, The Netherlands.

4. Figure 1.4 Bill Clinton and cartoon of Bill Clinton. http://msnbcmedia2.msn.com/j/msnbc/Components/Photos/070701/070701_c linton_hmed_10a.hmedium.jpg

5. Figure 1.5. (a) Statue of Goddess Parvathi, Chola period ca. 11 th Century, copper alloy, private collection. (b) Barbie dolls – website.

6. Figure 1.6. Paul Klee, Lost in Thought, 1919, Pencil on paper mounted on board, The Blue Four Galka Scjeuer Collection, Norton Simon Museum, Pasadena, California

7. Figure 1.7a Typical Müller-Lyer illusion Figure 1.7b. Varying acuteness of angle alters perceived size of illusion.The illusion with more acute (smaller) angles is larger. Vertical lines in left hand pair appear more unequal than in the right hand pair.

8. Figure 1.8. (a) Hans Holbein the Younger, The French Ambassadors, 1569. Oil & tempera on panel. 17 cm x 17 cm. National Gallery, London. (b) Marked as described in text. a b