1. Typhoid Mary case study Public Health Image Library #16877

2. Disease occurrence Endemic Always there Sporadic Occasional few cases Epidemic > Than usual in short period Pandemic Epidemic on >1 continent Suggested image: http://spot.pcc.edu/~jvolpe/b/bi234/lec/7_ disease/images/fig14.15_DiseaseTerms.jpg http://spot.pcc.edu/~jvolpe/b/bi234/lec/7_ disease/images/fig14.15_DiseaseTerms.jpg

3. Reservoirs Zoonoses Transmission -Eating -Wastes -Insects Include images of animals such as: Pigs http://www.ncagr.gov/research/cefs.htmhttp://www.ncagr.gov/research/cefs.htm Chickens http://www.123rf.com/photo_4908043_group- of-chickens-on-a-field-of-grass.htmlhttp://www.123rf.com/photo_4908043_group- of-chickens-on-a-field-of-grass.html Bats http://www.wallpaperup.com/511593/BATS_mammal_b at_Chiroptera_flock_swarm.html http://www.wallpaperup.com/511593/BATS_mammal_b at_Chiroptera_flock_swarm.html

4. Reservoirs Humans Nonliving Insert photo of large group of people. http://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/ wp- content/uploads/sites/24/2012/08/ crowd-reggiewatts-people1000.jpg http://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/ wp- content/uploads/sites/24/2012/08/ crowd-reggiewatts-people1000.jpg Insert images of nonliving reservoir examples: Soil https://bonnieplants.com/library/w hy-does-ph-matter/ https://bonnieplants.com/library/w hy-does-ph-matter/ Fruits & Vegetables http://vitalitynutrition.com/2015/0 8/10-surprising-ways-you-are- making-your-vegetables-less- nutritious/#prettyPhoto http://vitalitynutrition.com/2015/0 8/10-surprising-ways-you-are- making-your-vegetables-less- nutritious/#prettyPhoto Water http://uwanutrition.com/water-can- heal-or-kill/ http://uwanutrition.com/water-can- heal-or-kill/

5. Transmission--vehicle AerosolFoodborne WaterborneBodily fluids Insert image of aerosol transmission: http://bepast.org/docs/pho tos/MDR%20tuberculosis/A erosolTransmission.jpg http://bepast.org/docs/pho tos/MDR%20tuberculosis/A erosolTransmission.jpg Insert image of glass of water: http://www.wa2.ca/?attach ment_id=13089 http://www.wa2.ca/?attach ment_id=13089 Insert image of plate of food. Several options here: http://cool-food- image.com/plate-of-food- picture.html Insert image of couple in bed: https://us.fotolia.com/Cont ent/Comp/8654634 https://us.fotolia.com/Cont ent/Comp/8654634

6. Transmission--vector Biological Mechanical Insert image of ticks: http://www.lawestvect or.org/tickbiology.htm Insert image of mosquito: https://en.wikipedia.org/wi ki/Mosquito#/media/File:M osquito_2007-2.jpg Insert image of food with flies on it. Example: http://pacechro nicle.com/healt handbeauty/20 13/11/23/flies- in-the-food-no- thank-you/

7. Transmission—direct contact Biting Kissing, intercourse via placenta Insert image of biting child. http://www.nurturingachild.co m/why-do-children-bite-hit- or-pinch-part-1- 2/#prettyPhoto http://www.nurturingachild.co m/why-do-children-bite-hit- or-pinch-part-1- 2/#prettyPhoto Insert image of placenta. http://www.pitterpatter.com. my/wp- content/uploads/2012/07/PRE GNANCY34.jpg Insert image of couple kissing. http://thegrio.com /2012/08/02/kissin g-is-good-for-your- health-2/

8. Transmission—indirect contact via fomites Insert images of: Syringes http://drugfree.scdn1.secure.ra xcdn.com/wp- content/uploads/2015/03/Syri nges.jpg http://drugfree.scdn1.secure.ra xcdn.com/wp- content/uploads/2015/03/Syri nges.jpg Person chewing on pen http://www.gettyimages.com/ detail/photo/getting-caught- up-in-his-work-business- royalty-free-image/182056682 http://www.gettyimages.com/ detail/photo/getting-caught- up-in-his-work-business- royalty-free-image/182056682 Money http://www.123rf.com/photo_ 2684146_american- money.html http://www.123rf.com/photo_ 2684146_american- money.html

9. Transmission—droplet (contact) within 1 meter Insert image of droplet transmission via sneeze: http://www.whatifcolora do.com/scorm/coursefile s/BDIC/page3293.html

10. Portals of Entry Categories: skin, mucous membranes, placenta Parenteral: direct introduction (e.g. needle) Insert image of portals of entry: http://academic.pgcc.edu/~kroberts/Lecture/Chapter%2014/portals.html

11. Portals of exit Have to exit in order to spread infection! Insert image of portals of exit http://spot.pcc.edu/~jvolpe/b/bi234/lec/7_disease/images/fig14.11_PortalsOfExit.jpg

12. Virulence factors—adhesins Insert image of bacterial adhesins: http://spot.pcc.edu/~jvolpe/b/bi234/lec/7_disease/images/fig14.5_PathogenAdhesion.jpg

13. Virulence factors—extracellular enzymes Hyaluronidase and collagenase Coagulase and kinase Insert image of hyaluronidase, collagenase, coagulase, and kinase. https://www.google.com/search?noj=1&tbm=isch&sa=1&q=collagenase+and+hyaluronidase&o q=collagenase+and+h&gs_l=img.3.0.0i24.4798.6755.0.8183.17.14.0.1.1.0.105.776.8j2.10.0....0... 1c.1.64.img..6.11.778.wMdFBCMRTeY#imgrc=fwmtOsWxrFW61M%3A

14. Virulence factors—toxins Exotoxin Endotoxin Insert image of bacterial endo- and exotoxins http://spot.pcc.edu/~jvolpe/b/bi234/lec/7_disease/images/fig14.9b_VirulenceFactors.jpg

15. Virulence factors—antiphagocytic factors Phagocytosis blocked by capsuleIncomplete phagocytosis Insert image of phagocytosis being blocked by capsule. http://image.slidesharecdn.com/ch14lecturepresentation-150831183309-lva1- app6892/95/microbiology-ch-14-lecturepresentation-58-638.jpg?cb=1441046233 http://image.slidesharecdn.com/ch14lecturepresentation-150831183309-lva1- app6892/95/microbiology-ch-14-lecturepresentation-58-638.jpg?cb=1441046233

16. Stages of infectious disease Insert image of infectious disease stages. http://spot.pcc.edu/~jvolpe/b/bi234/lec/7_disease/images/fig14.10_DiseaseStages.jpg