1. Common Disease and Disorders Reproductive System & Immune and Lymphatic System Lesson 26

2. Objectives 1.Student will be able to explain the common diseases of the Reproductive System which affect the elderly 2. Student will be able to explain the common diseases of the Immune and Lymphatic System which affect the elderly 3.The student will be able to explain the difference between active and passive immunity

3. Reproductive system Female Ovaries produce estrogen, progesterone, and ova Fallopian tubes carry eggs from ovaries to the uterus Uterus is muscular organ where egg develops Vagina is muscular canal leading to uterus Cervix is a cylinder-shaped neck of tissue that connects the vagina and uterus Vulva external genitalia-labia and clitoris

4. Reproductive System Male Testes produce testosterone and sperm Scrotum is sac that contains the testes Prostrate gland produces fluid for sperm Penis is external sex organs- sperm and urine pass through

5. Normal changes to reproductive system Hormone production decreases Decrease estrogen in females causes menopause Decrease testosterone in males slows sexual response Prostrate gland may become enlarged causing difficulties in urination

6. Reproductive system Diseases Breast cancer- can occur in both men and women but usually women Ovarian Cancer- leading cause of cancer deaths in women, treatment very effective Prostrate cancer- male reproductive cancer Vaginitis- inflammation or infection of the vagina- symptoms include burning, itching, pain, and foul- smelling discharge

7. Role of Nursing assistant Observations – What would you look for? Abnormal discharge or bleeding Growths/lumps Complaints of pain or discomfort

8. Immune and Lymphatic System Immune system Processes that protect against disease Lymphatic system Part of circulatory system Network of lymphatic vessels that carry clear fluid called lymph Primary function is to provide accessory route for excess lymph Recycled blood plasma

9. Immune System Structures Numerous areas of lymphoid tissue in the wall of the small intestine that are involved in the development of immunity to antigens present there. *DON’T FORGET: Body’s First Line of Defense = SKIN

10. Lymphatic System Structures

11. Immune and Lymphatic system diseases HIV/AIDS (student presentation) Lymphoma- form of blood cancer affecting lymphocytes, a type of white blood cell. Hodgkin’s lymphoma Presence of (Reed-Sternberg cells) large cancerous lymphocytes 90% survive >10 years Non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma All lymphomas except Hodgkin’s. Many different kinds

12. Normal changes to immune and lymphatic systems Increase risk of infection and tissue dryness Thymus shrinks in size

13. Disease continued HIV/AIDS Caused by virus Alters the immune system Makes people more vulnerable to infection and disease Passed primarily though blood to blood and sexual contact Lymphoma Cancer of the immune system White blood cells divide faster than normal or live longer May develop in lymph nodes, spleen, bone marrow, blood, or other organs and eventually form a tumor

14. Role of Nursing Assistant Observing and reporting. What? Fever Diarrhea Increased fatigue or weakness

15. Types of immunity Active immunity Produce antigen-specific immunity Usually last for many years to a lifetime Vaccinations is part of What conditions can you think of? Passive immunity Transfer of antibodies produced by one human to another Provides protection against some infections Temporary Example is those passed from mother to child

16. Review Questions 1.True or False? Changes to the immune and lymphatic systems caused by aging include an increased risk of infection and increased tissue dryness. 2.True or False? Active immunity is temporary and acquired by having natural disease.