1. Science of Classifying & Naming Organisms
Taxonomy
Science of Classifying & Naming Organisms

2. Taxonomist
scientist who practices the art of classifying organisms

3. Classification
The grouping of objects or information based on similarities

4. Systems of Classification
An historic view

5. 1. Aristotle Greek Philosopher
Developed the first method of classification
Two Kingdom System
I.e.: Plants and animals
Did not show the natural relationships among organisms

6. Aristotle
5.Plants
Trees
Shrubs
Herbs

7. Aristotle
6. Animals
Air
Land
Water

8. Middle Ages 1.Scientists started using Latin for naming organisms
2. Why? Language of scholars, universal, dead

9. Middle Ages
Examples:
Canis =
Felis =
Equis =

10. Classmate Polynomials
Develop a polynomial to describe yourself. You can use physical characteristics/traits, behavioral characteristics (things you do), interests.
Your polynomial must contain 6+ words.
Much to the dismay of Middle Age Scientists, I’ll let you write in English!

11. 3. Carolus Linnaeus Binomial Nomenclature
“Modern” system – every species has a two word Latin name
Developed by Carolus Linneaus
(Carl von Linne)
ie. Genus + descriptive word

12. 3. Carolus Linnaeus Binomial Nomenclature
Scientific name = genus + descriptive word

13. 3. Carolus Linnaeus Binomial Nomenclature
Example #1
Homo sapiens
Homo =
sapiens =

14. 3. Carolus Linnaeus Binomial Nomenclature
Example #2 and #3
Quercus alba
and
Quercus rubra
Quercus =
alba =
rubra =

15. Be Mindful! Other species may have the same descriptive term. ex.
Betta rubra (red betta fish)
Myrmica rubra (Common red ant)

16. Rules for Writing a Scientific Name
Homo sapiens or Homo sapiens 1. Name is underlined or italicized 2. First word (genus) is capitalized, second word (descriptive) is lower-case 3. Abbreviation = H. sapiens or H. sapiens

17. Notable Names Abra cadabra (clam)
Agra vation (caribid beetle…nothing it!)
Dissup irae (hard to see fossil fly)
Cyclocephala nodanotherwon (scarab beetle discovered by a scientist named Ratcliffe)
Curiosities of Biological Nomenclature by Mark Isaak,
on Edline

18. Biological Hierarchy of Classification for the Honey Bee
Domain =
Kingdom =
Phylum =
Class =
Order =
Family =
Genus =
Species =

19. Biological Hierarchy of Classification for a Human Being
Domain =
Kingdom =
Phylum =
Class =
Order =
Family =
Genus =
Species =

20. Mneumonic for Human Classification by Emily Theobald
Every Adorable Cat Makes People Have Heart “Hattacks”!

23. Three Domain System of Classification
Three domains- Archea, Bacteria and Eukarya
Archea-archeabacteria
Bacteria-Eubacteria
Eukarya-”Eukaryotic” organisms-kingdoms Protista, Fungi, Plantae, Animalia
Form of classification based on an evolutionary model comparing RNA found in cells & cell membrane structure

24. Three Domain Classification Scheme

25. Biological Hierarchy of Classification
Domain=
Kingdom =
Phylum = agroup of closely related classes (called divisions in plants)
Class =
Order =
Family =
Genus = a group of closely related species
Species = a group of organisms that can reproduce successfully with each other

28. How Relationships are Determined
Four things:
Similarities in structure
DNA
Behavior
Evolutionary relationships

29. What is the complete classification of the following
organisms:
A. Fox
B. Frog
C. Squirrel
D. Lion