1. 1 Joints

2. n The system of joints between the bones is called the articular system. n The study of joints is called arthrology. n There are 3 types of articulations: –Fibrous joints –Cartilaginous joints –Synovial joints

3. Fibrous joints n Fibrous joints are often classified as synarthroses (syn = together, arthron = joint). n Permits little or no movement n Three types of fibrous –Sutures (syntosis – held together by bone) n Suture of the brain –Syndemoses n Distal end of tibia/fibula –Gomphosis n Roots of teeth with sockets of maxillae and mandible Suture

4. Cartilaginous Joints n There are 2 types of cartilaginous joints: –Synchondroses n Hyaline cartilage attaches ribs to sternum –Symphyses n Fibrocartilage separates bodies of vertebra

5. Synovial Joints n Most joints of the body are synovial joints, that is they are freely moveable. n Synovial can be divided in 6 subgroups: –Gliding/Planar (arthrodial) n Between the carpals –Hinge (Ginglymus) n Elbow –Pivot (trochoid) n Between the head of the radius and ulna

6. Synovial Joints n Synovial can be divided in 6 subgroups: –Condyloid (ellipsoid) n Between the radius and the carpals –Saddle n Carpometacarpal joint of the thumb –Spheroid (ball & socket) n Shoulder and hip

7. Movement In Joints n In many joints, several different movements are possible depending upon joint structure, while others are rather limited. n Goniometer measures the change in joint angles.

8. Terms of General Movements n Abduction n Adduction n Flexion n Extension n Circumduction n Diagonal abduction n Diagonal adduction n External rotation n Internal rotation

9. Shoulder girdle and shoulder joint n Depression n Elevation n Horizontal abduction n Horizontal adduction n Protraction (abduction) n Retraction (adduction) n Rotation downward n Rotation upward

10. Your Turn n Describe what the general movements are taking place within these actions Star Jump Push-up Drinking a cup of coffee