1. Native American Protest
Tom Bold, Phil Foerster, Cara Jeffrey, Nicole Schollmeyer, Kristen Tynan

2. Background Government took a new approach to the Indian problem
Eliminated reservations as legitimate political entities
People wanted to seize their land
Government terminated tribes such as the Klamaths the Menominees and the Coushattas
Caused increase in Indian activism

3. Native American Goals
Right to participate in decision-making processes regarding tribes
Protect tribal lands
Prevent sale to outsiders
Prevent outside invasion (i.e.: highways, dams, etc)
Uphold treaty rights (i.e.: water and fishing rights)
Promote Indian culture
Provide education and legal skills
AIM: help Indians neglected in cities

4. Tribal Land Maps

5. Strategies Seneca Nation’s Allegany reservation in New York State
Continued using legal process in other areas
Recognized that they could use legal process in other areas and brought a wave of lawsuits charging violations of treaty rights
Vigorously protested water rights
Federal court ruling in 1973, water rights of Paiute on Nevada-California border, government must protect Indian property
Reassertion of fishing rights
Court cases ruling 19th century treaties allowing Indians fishing rights “in common with” whites meant they could take up fifty percent of allowable limits
AIM – American Indian Movement
Seize of Alcatraz – Indian Center
Wounded Knee, South Dakota – Dramatize poor conditions and draw attention to broken treaties

6. Wounded Knee Memorial

7. Achievements or Failures
Considering the past conditions of the Native Americans, their movement in this time period was successful.
During this time:
Their cause caused Kennedy and Johnson to pay more attention and attempted to improve their economics and living conditions by getting private companies to locate on Native American land and having the land leased.
Both the Area Redevelopment administration and Office of Economic Opportunity allowed Native Americans to create programs and budgets themselves.
In 1975, the Indian Self-determination and Education Assistance Acts were passed.

8. After Cause Was Won
The Native American Scholarship Program, started at the New Mexico Law School, has graduated 35 to 40 Indians per year since 1971.
With the cause of the group being a success, the laws laid out a framework to guide federal policy for decades.