1. The Industrial Revolution

2. SMART START: 1. What was the Industrial Revolution?
2. How did it impact Europe? What changes occurred?
3. How is this revolution different than others in the past?

3. BEGINNINGS

4. What were some contributing factors of the Industrial Revolution?

5. 1.The Agricultural Revolution
Expansion of more farmland
Improved weather patterns
Improved methods of transportation
New crops from various colonies (Potato= Very pop. in Ireland)
More food= less in price=more affordable
New methods to farm

6. Examples of the new methods:
Seed drill
Crop rotation
Selective breeding

7. What will a more abundant and reliable food source cause…?

8. = soaring population

10. 2. More food more people
People were eventually forced to move to the city in order for large landowners to fence off more land for growing food
Transition from an suburban society to urban society

11. 3. Money…Money…Money

12. So who had the money (Capital)??
Britain
Ready supply of money (From where???)
Able to invest in new machines/technology
Able to take chances/new opportunities (Entrepreneurs)

13. 4. Natural Resources Britain had an abundance in coal and iron ore
Plenty of rivers and waterways for transportation and various other materials and goods

14. 5. Markets

15. The Textile Revolution
Began in England early 18th Century (1700’s)

16. Changes in Cotton Production
Spinning Jenny 1765
Water frame 1769 (power looms)

17. First non-exhaustible power source
Steam Engine
First non-exhaustible power source

18. Improved Cotton Industry
Cotton Mills could now use steam powered machines to produce more
SEE last paragraph of page 364
How fast did the cotton industry grow?

19. Coal, Iron, Railroads, and Factories

20. Consumer Revolution
more products at cheaper prices
begin to work in
factories

21. More people + work available in factories = WHAT?

22. What changes and problems will growing cities cause?
URBANIZATION
What changes and problems will growing cities cause?

23. Agricultural Revolution = growing population = Industrial Revolution
REVIEW
Agricultural Revolution
= growing population
= Industrial Revolution

24. BEGINNINGS
Britain was the first country to have an economy based on industry because…(4 reasons) ?

25. Resources Coal and water to power machines Iron ore to make
Why Great Britain?
Resources
Coal and water to
power machines
Iron ore to make
machines and tools 1

26. Transportation Why Great Britain?
rivers
harbors
roads
eventually: railroad system 2

27. Monarchy had agreed to rights for people
Why Great Britain?
Stable government
Monarchy had agreed to rights for people
Representative democracy/limited monarchy

28. Wealth Why Great Britain?
Imperialism = resources & markets (more people to buy goods)
banks

29. Where did the Industrial Revolution Spread to?
Examine the chart on page 366
How are Britain and America similar?
Different?

30. SPREAD
Other countries followed England; change economy to industrial base: WHY?

31. What impact did the Industrial Revolution have on society?

32. Poor housing, schools, police protection, pollution, sanitation…
CHANGE
Poor housing, schools, police protection, pollution, sanitation…

33. Average life expectancy
City: 17 years
Countryside: 38 years

34. Harsh working conditions
14-16 hours a day 6 days a week
Low pay

35. Dangerous machines (many killed and injured)
Unsanitary conditions

36. Child labor; as young as 6
families needed the money to survive

37. Severe factory discipline
Disease and frequent epidemics

38. Improvements for some…

39. Middle class improved their lives.
skilled workers
professionals
business people
wealthy farmers

40. produced better diets, heated housing, and cheaper, better clothing
increased gross national product
increased standard of living (wealth)
produced better diets, heated housing, and cheaper, better clothing

41. created jobs for workers and eventually helped them live better lives

42. Women come into the workplace

43. New inventions
(electric light)

44. Railroad was important
Transportation = income

45. Why would a country want to become industrialized?

46. An industrial economy = more wealth and power

47. Europe/US begin to imperialize Africa and Asia for raw material and markets

48. New ways of thinking about society and economics…
REFORMS
New ways of thinking about society and economics…

49. What are the “economic questions”?

50. What will be produced? How will it be produced? Who will profit?
Review
Economic Questions
What will be produced?
How will it be produced?
Who will profit?

51. Who controls these decisions… GOVERNMENT or PEOPLE???
Capitalism
Socialism
Communism

52. PEOPLE: basic and non-basic industry
CAPITALISM
PEOPLE: basic and non-basic industry

53. SOCIALISM:
GOVERNMENT: basic industry
PEOPLE: non-basic industry

54. Socialism - businesses should be owned by society as a whole, everyone would enjoy the benefits

55. COMMUNISM
GOVERNMENT – basic and non-basic industry

56. OTHER REFORMS

57. limits put on how much women and children could work

58. Workers won the right to collective bargaining and to strike

59. Reform movement to end slavery began

60. Beginning of women’s rights movements

61. Improved education

62. Improved prison conditions