2. RIGID ENDOSCOPE

3. RIGID ENDOSCOPE

4. Rigid endoscope

5. 1
Proximal End
Interface point with the eye or video equipment 2
Distal End
Furthest point from the proximal end or users eye 3
Insertion Diameter
The diameter quoted as the actual diameter inserted into the anatomy of endoscope sheath 4
Instrument Axis
The axis of the instrument relative to the instrument axis 5
Optical Axis
The axis of the optical path which is displaced to the instrument axis 6
Angle of View
The angular value of displacement to the optical axis 7
Optical Field of View
The area which the conical system covers is as a cone 8
Fiber Illumination
The area which the fiber illumination covers as a cone and is greater than the optical field of view 9
Working Length
The actual length embodying the insertion diameter which can be applied 10
Light Post
Input point of the illumination when connected to a light guide and source 11
Eyeshield
Used as a cup for the eye or a diameter for the attachment of video camera equipment

6. Originally designed for use with the eye, the eyeshield is now used to fit a camera via an optical "coupler". For glass on glass the eye-shield and sub-assembly is replaced with a unique fitting which dedicates the endoscope to a particular manufacturers camera product.

8. Rigid endoscopes are used for surgery of the
joints (arthroscopy),
abdominal surgery (laparoscopy), and chest surgery (thoracoscopy)
urinary bladder (cystoscopy)
nose (rhinoscopy).

9. Rigid endoscope specialized for joint surgery
Arthroscopy
Rigid endoscope specialized for joint surgery

10. KNEE

11. PATIENT POSITIONING
Arthroscopic portals. L = lateral site; M = medial site. Arthroscopic aiming over the medial meniscus.

12. Skin incision on anteromedial aspect, 2 cm from the tibial tubercle and 6 cm below the medial joint line

13. Stripping of gracilis, with firm countertraction to deliver the tendon out of the incision
The two tendons have been stripped, and will subsequently be detached from their distal insertions

14. Schematic diagram of the graft
The tendons have been sutured together.
Measuring graft

17. SHOULDER