1. Regional Inequalities in Pakistan Evidence Since 1998 Sajjad Akhtar Director Research/Consultant April 2008 Center For Poverty Reduction and Social Policy Development Planning Commission Govt. of Pakistan

2. National and Inter-provincial Trends in Head Count

3. Consumption based Gini Coefficients 1998-992000-012004-052005-06 Pakistan0.30190.27520.29760.3018 Punjab1.0260.991.020.99 Sindh1.0211.101.011.05 NWFP0.890.820.850.87 Baluchistan0.770.750.800.81

4. Ratio of top 20% to bottom 40% 1998-992000-012004-052005-06 Pakistan1.81.61.71.8 Punjab1.9 2.2 Sindh2.31.72.41.9 NWFP0.8 0.9 Baluchistan1.90.90.80.3

5. Federal Assistance to Provinces in Provincial PSDP’s

6. Share of Foreign Project Assistance to Provinces 1996-971997-981998-9999-002000-012001-022002-032003-042004-052005-062006-07 Total (in billions)12.8712.97 16.8213.7913.7512.8712.5815.5017.4616.80 89.8551.6652.1257.3699.35 99.3099.2999.4285.8086.15 (%) Punjab20.9328.5830.9235.1931.8547.3742.3552.8740.7737.7642.19 Sindh38.1934.2926.2319.909.388.3512.4111.7916.4725.5022.88 NWFP21.5219.2716.5426.3346.6933.3334.5429.4923.1028.2021.89 Balochi stan19.3517.8526.3118.5912.0810.9510.705.8519.668.5413.03

7. Federal Assistance Per Capita 98-9999-002000-20012001-20022002-20032003-20042004-052005-062006-2007 National183.01215.0997.7697.4889.5185.78103.51132.62124.77 Punjab130.52163.8756.2883.1868.4081.8176.3595.3198.30 Sindh197.63194.1840.3435.8748.6944.4174.46143.88123.33 N.W.F.P258.42368.68336.35239.56227.23185.36175.15259.09193.69 Balochist an607.50597.82235.85213.41190.76100.22400.34226.59306.29

8. Social and Quality of Living Indicators in 2005 Indicators PakistanPunjabSindhNWFPBaluchistan Net Primary Enrolment4859 (1.23) 45 (0.94) 46 (0.96) 36 (0.75) Literacy Rate 10 yrs>4553 (1.18) 48 (1.07) 43 (0.95) 34 (0.75) GPI NER0.760.90 (1.18) 0.74 (0.97) 0.70 (0.92) 0.64 (0.84) Youth Literacy GPI0.540.74 (1.37) 0.57 (1.05) 0.42 (0.78) 0.34 (0.63) Immunization7586 (1.15) 70 (0.93) 77 (1.03) 61 (0.81) Water Supply 6391 (1.44) 76 (1.21) 47 (0.75) 30 (0.48) Sanitation6966 (0.96) 80 (1.16) 73 (1.06) 63 (0.91) Home Ownership 89 (1.0) 89 (1.0) 85 (0.96) 92 (1.03) Level of Congestion2224 (1.09) 35 (1.59) 19 (0.86) 16 (0.73) Electricity6269 (1.11) 61 (0.98) 69 (1.11) 45 (0.45) Pop.using Gas/K.Oil1823 (1.28) 22 (1.22) 15 (0.83) 12 (0.67) Wood as cooking fuel7054 (0.77) 69 (0.99) 82 (1.17) 81 (1.16)

9. Disparities in Social Indicators Pakistan PunjabSindhN.W.F.P Balochista n 1 Net Primary Enrolment(-) 2 Literacy Rate 10 years & above(-) 3 GPI in Net enrolment (Primary)(=) (-) (=) 4 Youth Literacy GPI(+)(-) (=)(+) 5 Immunization Coverage(=)(-)(+)(=) 6 Drinking Water Supply(-) (=)(-) 7 Sanitation(-) 8 Home ownership(-)(=)(-) 9 Level of congestion (one room)(=)(+) (=) 10 Electricity(-) 11 Proportion of population using Gas/K.oil(-) (=) 12 Wood as cooking fuel(+) (=) Reduced Disparities7.00 9.007.006.00

10. Summary of Top Ten Districts Province wise and indicator wise MDG IndicatorsPunjabSindhNWF P Baluchistan Net Primary Enrollment Ratio9 (10)-1- Literacy Rate 10 years and above7 (7)1 (1) Gender parity index in NEPER8 (9)- (1)2 -- Youth literacy GPI aged 15-249 (7)1 (1)-- (2) Immunization 12-23 month8 (6)-1 (3)1 (1) Drinking water supply8 (10)2-- Sanitation1 (1)3 (4)3 (1)3 (4) *Brackets (1998)

11. Summary of Bottom Ten Districts Province wise and indicator wise MDG IndicatorsPunjabSindhNWFPBaluchistan Net Primary Enrollment Ratio-1 (1)2 (3)7 (6) Literacy Rate 10 years and above-2 (2)8 (8) Gender parity index in NEPER-13 (7)6 (3) Youth literacy GPI aged 15-24--3 (8)7 (2) Immunization 12-23 month- (1)2 (1)1 (1)7 (7) Drinking water supply-1 (1)3 (1)6 (8) Sanitation1 (2)12 (6)6 (2) Brackets (1998)

12. MDG IndicatorsPunjabSindNWFPBaluchistan Net Primary Enrollment Ratio325 Literacy Rate 10 years and above1135 Gender parity index in NEPER1-63 Youth literacy GPI aged 15-241252 Immunization 12-23 month1135 Drinking water supply-217 Sanitation1153 Summary of Fast Growing Districts Province wise and indicator wise

14. IndicatorNorth-WestCentralSouthF-Test 19982005199820051998200519982005Disparities LITERACY49.5960.20(-)47.1955.25(-)32.9041.53(-)7.94*10.47*(-) NER53.8866.25(-)53.6162.59(-)32.9445.22(-)11.19 * 13.84*(-) NERGPI0.810.87(=)0.870.95(-)0.720.83(=)7.34*5.83*(-) YLGPI0.570.68(=)0.690.83(-)0.510.62(=)4.70*5.51*(=) IMMUNIZATION77.2691.54(-)74.7186.13(=)65.5579.44(+)3.56*6.02*(=) WATER SUPPLY 77.1988.76(-)97.0893.14(+)90.8695.65(=)13.03 * 0.72(-) SANITATION34.3869.85(-)40.1866.84(-)29.3857.84(-)1.642.68(-) GAS16.0023.12(-)17.0126.36(-)9.7016.77(-)0.620.77(-) OWN HOUSE85.8887.55(=)84.3889.34(=)84.7688.73(=)0.170.29(+) ONE ROOM22.2414.64(+)- 31.19 - 25.06 (-)- 40.46 - 31.02 (-)14.31 * 14.29*(=) WOOD80.8874.19(=)- 70.95 - 46.94 (+)- 74.79 - 49.89 (+)0.733.88*(+) ELECTRICITY66.4589.21(-)77.8992.61(-)53.5076.55(-)10.57 * 13.51*(-) Status of Disparities in Social and Living Quality of Indicators in Punjab