1. The Etruscans 900 BCE-89 BCE

2. Background People who lived in Italy before the Romans Central area of Italy known as Etruria (modern day Tuscany) Absorbed into Roman Empire 89 BCE

3. Culture Love of life –Banquets, sports, festivals Women = men Sailors, Metalworkers, International traders –Exported iron, tin, copper, silver. Strong belief in afterlife

4. Sculpture Terracotta and bronze Influence of Greek Archaic art. Differences—Nudity scarce, figures move dynamically in space, aware of the world around them, brilliantly painted. Both cultures emphasize broad shoulders of men and stylization of the hair.

5. Paintings Funerary paintings done on the walls and ceilings of tombs. Brightly painted frescoes reveal a world of cheerful Etruscans celebrating, dancing, eating, and playing musical instruments.

6. Architecture Temples and Tombs Archaic Greek prostyle temples inspired large scale architecture. Temple foundations reveal influence Tombs were unusual-inside a necropolis. Cities of the dead. Burial mounds. Provides most info about Etruscan Culture

7. Model of an Etruscan Temple, Etruscan

8. Temples on a high podium, with a flight of stairs leading up to the entrance. Made of mud-brick and wood; roofs were tiled Decorative sculpture atop the roofs made of terra cotta- to announce the presence of the diety within.

9. Had a front porch Side walls are solid Temples had three cellas-one for each of their chief gods

10. Plan of an Etruscan Temple

11. Compare Temple Styles Etruscan Temple Three cellas Made of mud and brick Deep porch/one entrance Decorated rooftops Greek Temple One cella Made of marble Viewed from all sides/steps on all sides Sculptural decoration on frieze and pediment

12. Apollo from Veii

13. Temple roof sculpture-part of 4 figure set about labors of Hercules Archaic Greek influenced (by the Kouros figure) Similarities- Archaic smile, stylized hair, flat surface patterns of the drapery folds.

14. Differences- –Clothed –made of terra cotta instead of marble – placed atop the temple roof –appeared in motion –huge drapery folds (remind us of the kore figures) –animated hands

15. Sarcophagus from Ceveteri

16. Terra-cotta coffin of a married couple, whose ashes were placed inside Husband and wife sharing the same banqueting couch is uniquely Etruscan. They have long, stylized hair and gaze into eternity

17. Contented archaic smiles Figures stop abruptly at the waist Great concentration on the upper body; less on the legs. Unrealistic L-turn of legs

18. Both once held objects in their hands- perhaps an egg to symbolize life after death Animated hand gestures. Symbiotic relationship: man has a protective gesture around the woman; the woman feeds the man; reflects the high standing women had in Etruscan society.

19. Banditaccia Necropolis

21. City of the Dead Multi-tomb complex set away from cities Orderly layout with streets Each tomb- –Round w/door –Painted and furnished inside to look like house interior –Carved from tufa-soft volcanic rock –Topped with tumulus-earthen burial mound –Often held entire families, including servants

22. Tomb of the Leopards, 480-470BC

23. Banqueting couples reclining while eating Ancient convention of men painted in darker colors than women Dancing figures on right play musical instruments in festive celebration of the dead Leopards are guardians of the tomb

24. Capitoline Wolf, 500 BCE

25. Bronze she-wolf portrayed as protecting her cubs- teeth bared Just gave birth Stylized patterns of fur Infants were added during the Renaissance period. Roman myth that she nursed Romulus and Remus abandoned by their parents; who later founded Rome.