1. Communicable Diseases: Diseases that are spread from one person / animal to another.

2. Germs/Microorganisms/ Pathogens: Tiny living creatures that cause disease.

3. Bacteria Most common of all pathogens 100 million will fit on a grain of sand Most do not cause disease Reproduces through cell division Treated with antibiotics Examples of diseases caused by bacteria: strep throat, gonorrhea, Lyme disease, MRSA (Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus).

4. Deer Tick http://www.lymedisease.org/lyme101/preven tion/lyme_prevention.html http://www.lymedisease.org/lyme101/preven tion/lyme_prevention.html

5. Strep Throat

6. Virus All viruses are considered parasites Smallest and simplest of all pathogens Can only live in living cells – tricks human cells to reproduce more viruses (reproduce every 20 minutes) Reproduce until “cell bust” Examples: chicken pox, cold, flu, measles, rabies, HIV/AIDS

7. Cell Bust http://www.youtube.com/watch?feature=end screen&v=Rpj0emEGShQ&NR=1 http://www.youtube.com/watch?feature=end screen&v=Rpj0emEGShQ&NR=1Virus: http://video.nationalgeographic.com/video/n ews/history-archaeology-news/swine-flu- overview-vin/ http://video.nationalgeographic.com/video/n ews/history-archaeology-news/swine-flu- overview-vin/

8. Viruses attack certain parts of the body Rabies – brain Polio – central nervous system (CNS) Chicken Pox, Mumps – skin Cold/Flu – respiratory system

9. Protozoa Most are harmless One celled organisms Grows in water Multiplies very quickly in moist places Examples: diarrhea, malaria http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6MU7Sxz wMVo http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6MU7Sxz wMVo

10. Fungi Saprophytes- meaning that they live off of non-living things One celled or multi-cellular plants such as yeasts, molds & mushrooms Live in warm, moist places examples: athlete’s foot and ringworm

11. Athlete’s Foot

12. Fungi Ring Worm

13. Body’s Defense Against Communicable Diseases 1. Skin- most important, it keeps out most harmful germs, produces sweat that kills some type of pathogens (germs). 2. Mucus Membrane- cells that line the nose, throat and mouth. They produce mucus to trap harmful germs so they do not enter the body.

14. Body’s Defense Against Communicable Diseases 3. Cilia- tiny hairs that move in a wavelike motion to sweep out harmful microorganisms. 4. Fever- normal body temperature is 98.6. Your body raises its temperature to slow down the multiplication of microorganisms.

15. Body’s Defense Against Communicable Diseases 5. White Blood Cells- cells in your body that fight infection. They kill pathogens by surrounding them and swallowing them. 6. Chemical Barriers- tears and saliva. 7. Reflexes- blinking, coughing, and sneezing.

16. Body’s Defense Mucus Membrane CiliaSkinFever Chemical Barriers White Blood Cells Reflexes

17. Ways that disease enters the body MouthEyesNoseEars Break in Skin Genitals

18. How Microorganisms are Spread Direct Contact: touching an infected area of another person. Indirect Contact: sneezing, coughing, sharing personal items. Contact with Animals: insect bites, dog bite, bat bite. Other Contact: eating contaminated food.

19. White blood cells Many different white blood cells work together to protect us against disease-causing germs.

20. Macrophages: When a germ invades our bodies, macrophages gobble up the germ and display its surface shape, or antigen, for other immune cells to see.

21. Helper T cells: direct the defense by spotting the foreign antigen on the macrophage and begin to multiply. They alert other white blood cells and direct the body's defense.

22. B cells: make chemicals called antibodies. Antibodies lock onto foreign antigens making it easier for other immune cells to destroy them.

23. Killer T cells: Alerted by helper T cells, killer T cells multiply and destroy the invading germs.

24. Definitions Vaccine: medicine that contains weakened or dead pathogens that cause a certain disease. Antibiotic: substance used to kill/control infectious disease by prescription. Antiseptics: chemicals used to kill germs on contact.