1. Workshop: multiple-use services – cost and benefits Summary of day 1

2. Objectives Conceptualization of MUS Implications for CBA Evidence base Opportunity areas Way forward

3. Expectations (from policy perspectives) Interest in increasing sustainability of services through improved ability and willingness to pay Need for evidence: – MUS practices – Livelihoods impacts – Sustainability of service Contextualizing MUS and evidence at country level Multi-stakeholder approach

4. Report back from expert meeting Conceptualizing MUS services – MUS is demand-centric – Service-oriented – Service attributes and service levels – Applicable at different levels of scales (fractals) : Increase the pipe (domestic-plus) Have many pipes (community-based) Overflowing irrigation canals (irrigation-plus)

5. Report back from expert meeting Implications for cost-benefit analyses: Costs – Overview of cost categories – Linked to service levels – Emphasis on incremental costs and opportunity costs Benefits – Overview of benefit categories – Linked to service levels – Break-down of benefits between user categories Methodologies – Not only cost-benefit but also cost-effectiveness analysis – Beyond CBA indicators, also other (proxy) indicators

6. Case studies Nigeria Honduras South Africa Ethiopia Burkina Faso

7. Lessons from case studies CBA Methodologies Standardised approaches and indicators needed Break-down by user categories Mostly financial analysis, not full economic or opportunity costs

8. Lessons from case studies Evidence base Case evidence on positive cost-benefit relations, despite questions on reliability of data Not necessarily translated into higher payment for services (ability, willingness and actual payment) Non-monetary benefits Attribution Use of evidence Identifying pathways for climbing (or jumping) the ladder Creating interest and getting stakeholder dialogues started