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REGISTER TRANSFER & MICROOPERATIONS By Sohaib
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Digital System Overview Each module is built from digital components Registers Decoders Arithmetic elements Control logic Collection of modules is a digital system. Modules connected by common data and control paths.
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Microoperations Elementary operation performed on data within one or more registers Operation result could update same register or another register Examples: shift, count, clear, and load Bidirectional shift can shift left or shift right Counter with parallel load can perform count and load.
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Internal Hardware Organization Can be defined by specifying Set of registers and their functions Sequence of microoperations performed on register data Control that initiates the sequence of microoperations Can use words to express sequence of microoperations, but it’s better to use a notation and symbols Register Transfer Language
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Registers Capital letter sometimes followed by a number MAR– memory address register PC– program counter IR– instruction register R1,R2 – processor register 1, process register 2 Each flip-flop in a n-bit register is numbered from n-1 to 0 from left to right.
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Register Block Diagram
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Register Transfer
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Control Function
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P: R2 R1 Block Diagram
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2 nd Register Transfer Example
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Bus Transfers
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Bus System For 4 Registers
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Bus Details
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Memory Transfer
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Microoperations Summary
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Add & Subtract
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Arithmetic Microoperations
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Binary Adder
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4-bit Binary Adder
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Binary Adder-Subtractor
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