1. Copyright © 2006 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Human Anatomy & Physiology SEVENTH EDITION Elaine N. Marieb Katja Hoehn PowerPoint ® Lecture Slides prepared by Vince Austin, Bluegrass Technical and Community College C H A P T E R 7 The Skeleton P A R T A

2. Copyright © 2006 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings The Axial Skeleton  Eighty bones segregated into three regions  Skull  Vertebral column  Bony thorax

3. Copyright © 2006 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Bones of the Axial Skeleton Figure 7.1

4. Copyright © 2006 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings The Skull  The skull, the body’s most complex bony structure, is formed by the cranium and facial bones  Cranium – protects the brain and is the site of attachment for head and neck muscles  Facial bones  Supply the framework of the face, the sense organs, and the teeth  Provide openings for the passage of air and food  Anchor the facial muscles of expression

5. Copyright © 2006 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Anatomy of the Cranium  Eight cranial bones – two parietal, two temporal, frontal, occipital, sphenoid, and ethmoid  Cranial bones are thin  strong for their weight

6. Copyright © 2006 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Frontal Bone Figure 7.2a

7. Copyright © 2006 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Parietal Bones and Major Associated Sutures  Form most of the superior and lateral aspects of the skull Figure 7.3a

8. Copyright © 2006 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Parietal Bones and Major Associated Sutures  Four sutures mark the articulations of the parietal bones  Coronal suture – articulation between parietal bones and frontal bone anteriorly  Sagittal suture – where right and left parietal bones meet superiorly  Lambdoid suture – where parietal bones meet the occipital bone posteriorly  Squamosal or squamous suture – where parietal and temporal bones meet

9. Copyright © 2006 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Sphenoid Bone  Butterfly-shaped bone that spans the width of the middle cranial fossa

10. Copyright © 2006 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Sphenoid Bone Figure 7.6a

11. Copyright © 2006 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Ethmoid Bone  Most deep of the skull bones; lies between the sphenoid and nasal bones  Forms most of the bony area between the nasal cavity and the orbits

12. Copyright © 2006 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Ethmoid Bone Figure 7.7

13. Copyright © 2006 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Facial Bones  Fourteen bones of which only the mandible and vomer are unpaired  The paired bones are the maxillae, zygomatics, nasals, lacrimals, palatines, and inferior conchae

14. Copyright © 2006 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Mandible and Its Markings  The mandible (lower jawbone) is the largest, strongest bone of the face

15. Copyright © 2006 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Mandible and Its Markings Figure 7.8a

16. Copyright © 2006 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Maxillary Bone Figure 7.8b

17. Copyright © 2006 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Zygomatic Bones  Irregularly shaped bones (cheekbones) that form the prominences of the cheeks

18. Copyright © 2006 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Other Facial Bones  Nasal bones  Lacrimal bones  Palatine bones

19. Copyright © 2006 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Anterior Aspects of the Skull Figure 7.2a (a) Parietal bone Frontal squama of frontal bone Nasal bone Sphenoid bone (greater wing) Temporal bone Ethmoid bone Lacrimal bone Zygomatic bone Maxilla Mandible Infraorbital foramen Mental foramen Mandibular symphysis Frontal bone Glabella Frontonasal suture Supraorbital foramen (notch) Supraorbital margin Superior orbital fissure Inferior orbital fissure Middle nasal concha Perpendicular plate Inferior nasal concha Vomer bone Optic canal Ethmoid bone

20. Copyright © 2006 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Posterior Aspects of the Skull Figure 7.2b (b) Lambdoid suture Occipital bone Occipitomastoid suture Superior nuchal line External occipital protuberance Inferior nuchal line Occipital condyle Mastoid process Parietal bone Sagittal suture External occipital crest Sutural bone

21. Copyright © 2006 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings External Lateral Aspects of the Skull Figure 7.3a (a) Coronal suture Frontal bone Sphenoid bone (greater wing) Ethmoid bone Lacrimal bone Lacrimal fossa Nasal bone Zygomatic bone Maxilla Alveolar margins Mandible Mental foramen Parietal bone Lambdoid suture Squamous suture Occipital bone Occipitomastoid suture External acoustic meatus Mastoid process Styloid process Mandibular condyle Mandibular notch Mandibular ramus Mandibular angleCoronoid process Zygomatic process Temporal bone