1.  Foramen – Hole  Supra – above  External – outside  Internal – inside  Orbital- Eye  Mental – chin  Suture – line or flat bone  Fossa- Depression  Condyle- Smooth Surface  Sphenoid- Bat wings  LES- lacrimal, Ethmoid, and Sphenoid

2. Mandibular condyles Condylar process Mandibular notch Coronoid process Mandibular foramen Body Angle Ramus Mental protuberance Mental foramen Alveolar process

3. Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display. Frontal bone Coronal suture Lacrimal bone Squamous suture Infraorbital foramen Vomer Mandible Sphenoid bone Ethmoid bone Nasal bone Zygomatic bone Maxilla Mental foramen Temporal bone Parietal bone Middle nasal concha Inferior nasal concha Supraorbital foramen

4. 8-4 Parietal bone Frontal bone Lambdoid suture Sphenoid bone Temporal bone External acoustic meatus Mandible Coronal suture Ethmoid bone Lacrimal bone Nasal bone Infraorbital foramen Zygomatic bone Maxilla Mental foramen Occipital bone Squamous suture Mandibular condyle Styloid process Mastoid process (a) Right lateral view

5. Zygomatic bone Lambdoid suture Foramen magnum Jugular foramen Carotid canal Palatine bone Medial pterygoid plate Lateral pterygoid plate Foramen ovale Sphenoid bone Zygomatic arch Mandibular fossa Styloid process External acoustic meatus Mastoid process Temporal bone Occipital bone (a) Inferior view Parietal bone Occipital condyle Vomer External occipital protuberance

6. (b) Superior view of cranial floor Sphenoid bone Temporal bone Parietal bone Occipital bone Hypophyseal fossa Frontal bone Optic foramen Foramen rotundum Foramen ovale Foramen magnum Jugular foramen Internal acoustic meatus Cribriform plate of ethmoid bone

7. Spinous process Lamina Pedicle Body (a) 2nd lumbar vertebra (L2) Anterior Posterior Superior articular facet Transverse process Vertebral foramen Vertebral arch

8. L1 L2 L3 Intervertebral disc Spinous process (b) Left lateral view Superior articular process of L1 Inferior vertebral notch of L1 Superior vertebral notch of L2 Inferior articular process of L3 Intervertebral foramen

9. 8-9 Atlas and Axis Articulation Figure 8.24c Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display. Dens Axis of rotation Atlas Axis Transverse ligament (c) Atlantoaxial joint

10.  www.mhhe.com/saladin5 www.mhhe.com/saladin5  Textbook website Textbook website  http://homes.bio.psu.edu/p eople/faculty/strauss/anato my/skel/skeletal.htm http://homes.bio.psu.edu/p eople/faculty/strauss/anato my/skel/skeletal.htm  Additional Website Additional Website