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Energy Balance and Body Composition Studying = 1 or 2 kcalories/minute
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Energy Balance
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Food Composition Bomb calorimeterBomb calorimeter
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Food Composition Direct calorimetry vs. indirect calorimetryDirect calorimetry vs. indirect calorimetry Physiological fuel valuePhysiological fuel value
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Food Intake HungerHunger AppetiteAppetite SatiationSatiation SatietySatiety
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Food Intake
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Overriding hunger and satietyOverriding hunger and satiety –Stress eating Sustaining satiation and satietySustaining satiation and satiety –satiating
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Sustaining satiation and satiety –lower-fat foods can be eaten in larger portions for the same number of kcalories Food Intake
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HypothalamusHypothalamus –Neuropeptide Y
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Thermogenesis Basal thermogenesisBasal thermogenesis Exercise-induced thermogenesisExercise-induced thermogenesis Diet-induced thermogenesisDiet-induced thermogenesis Adaptive thermogenesisAdaptive thermogenesis
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Components of Energy Expenditure
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Basal metabolismBasal metabolism Basal metabolic rate (BMR)Basal metabolic rate (BMR) Resting metabolic rate (RMR)Resting metabolic rate (RMR)
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Components of Energy Expenditure Physical activityPhysical activity
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Components of Energy Expenditure Thermic effect of food (TEF)Thermic effect of food (TEF) Diet-induced thermogenesis (DIT)Diet-induced thermogenesis (DIT)
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Estimating Energy Requirements GenderGender GrowthGrowth AgeAge
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Estimating Energy Requirements Physical activityPhysical activity Body compositionBody composition Body sizeBody size
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Body Weight, Body Composition, and Health Body compositionBody composition Body weight = fat + lean tissue (including water)Body weight = fat + lean tissue (including water)
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Defining Healthy Body Weight The criterion of fashion: BMI of Miss AmericaThe criterion of fashion: BMI of Miss America
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Defining Healthy Body Weight The criterion of healthThe criterion of health Body mass index (BMI)Body mass index (BMI) =weight (kg)/height (m) 2
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BMI Values Used to Assess Weight
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Distribution of Body Weights in U.S. Adults
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Body Fat and Its Distribution
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Some people need less body fatSome people need less body fat Some people need more body fatSome people need more body fat
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Body Fat and Its Distribution Fat distributionFat distribution –Intra-abdominal fat –Central obesity
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Body Fat and Its Distribution Waist circumference-according to some...if it’s anything over 35”, it’s too much!Waist circumference-according to some...if it’s anything over 35”, it’s too much!
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Body Fat and Its Distribution Other measures of body compositionOther measures of body composition –Fatfold measure –Hydrodensitometry –Bioelectrical impedance
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Body Fat and Its Distribution Other measures of body compositionOther measures of body composition –Air displacement plethysmography –Dual energy X-ray absorptiometry (DEXA)
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Methods Used to Assess Body Fat
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Health Risks Associated With Body Weight and Body Fat Health risks of underweightHealth risks of underweight Health risks of overweightHealth risks of overweight
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BMI and Mortality
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Health Risks Associated With Body Weight and Body Fat Cardiovascular diseaseCardiovascular disease DiabetesDiabetes
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CancerCancer Fat and fit versus sedentary and slimFat and fit versus sedentary and slim
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The Latest and Greatest Weight-Loss Diet - Again The claims and truths of diet fadsThe claims and truths of diet fads
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The Latest and Greatest Weight-Loss Diet - Again High-protein, low carbohydrate dietsHigh-protein, low carbohydrate diets –The diet’s appeal
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The Latest and Greatest Weight-Loss Diet - Again High-protein, low carbohydrate dietsHigh-protein, low carbohydrate diets –Don’t count kcalories –Satisfy hunger –Follow a plan –Limit choices
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The Latest and Greatest Weight-Loss Diet - Again High-protein, low carbohydrate dietsHigh-protein, low carbohydrate diets –Too much fat –Too much protein –Too little everything else –The body’s perspective
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