1. Shanxi University Atomic Physics 5 The LS-coupling scheme-1

2. Shanxi University Atomic Physics 5 The LS-coupling scheme-2

3. Shanxi University Atomic Physics 5 The LS-coupling scheme-3

4. Shanxi University Atomic Physics 5 The LS-coupling scheme-4

5. Shanxi University Atomic Physics 5 The LS-coupling scheme-5

6. Shanxi University Atomic Physics 5 The LS-coupling scheme-6

7. Shanxi University Atomic Physics 5 The LS-coupling scheme-7

8. Shanxi University Atomic Physics 5 The LS-coupling scheme-8

9. Shanxi University Atomic Physics 5 The LS-coupling scheme-9

10. Shanxi University Atomic Physics 5 The LS-coupling scheme-10

11. Shanxi University Atomic Physics 5.1 Fine structure in the LS-coupling scheme-1

12. Shanxi University Atomic Physics 5.1 Fine structure in the LS-coupling scheme-2

13. Shanxi University Atomic Physics 5.1 Fine structure in the LS-coupling scheme-3

14. Shanxi University Atomic Physics 5.1 Fine structure in the LS-coupling scheme-4

15. Shanxi University Atomic Physics 5.1 Fine structure in the LS-coupling scheme-5

16. Shanxi University Atomic Physics 5.1 Fine structure in the LS-coupling scheme-6

17. Shanxi University Atomic Physics 5.1 Fine structure in the LS-coupling scheme-7

18. Shanxi University Atomic Physics 5.1 Fine structure in the LS-coupling scheme-8 Fig5.6 The fine structure of a 3 P term obeys the interval rule.

19. Shanxi University Atomic Physics 5.1 Fine structure in the LS-coupling scheme-9

20. Shanxi University Atomic Physics 5.2 The JJ-coupling scheme-1

21. Shanxi University Atomic Physics 5.2 The JJ-coupling scheme-2

22. Shanxi University Atomic Physics 5.2 The JJ-coupling scheme-3

23. Shanxi University Atomic Physics 5.2 The JJ-coupling scheme-4

24. Shanxi University Atomic Physics 5.2 The JJ-coupling scheme-5

25. Shanxi University Atomic Physics 5.3 Intermediate coupling: the transition between coupling schemes-1

26. Shanxi University Atomic Physics 5.3 Intermediate coupling: the transition between coupling schemes-2

27. Shanxi University Atomic Physics

28. 5.3 Intermediate coupling: the transition between coupling schemes-4

29. Shanxi University Atomic Physics 5.3 Intermediate coupling: the transition between coupling schemes-5 Fig. 5.10