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שיתוף PDT בין חוטים PDT Thread A Process Descriptor File Object 1 File Object 2 File 1 File 2 pthread_create Thread B Process Descriptor ה PDT משותף לכל.

Published byEustacia Thornton Modified over 8 years ago

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Presentation on theme: "שיתוף PDT בין חוטים PDT Thread A Process Descriptor File Object 1 File Object 2 File 1 File 2 pthread_create Thread B Process Descriptor ה PDT משותף לכל."— Presentation transcript:

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2 שיתוף PDT בין חוטים PDT Thread A Process Descriptor File Object 1 File Object 2 File 1 File 2 pthread_create Thread B Process Descriptor ה PDT משותף לכל החוטים באותו התהליך לפי סטנדרט pthreads.

3 שיתוף PDT בין תהליך אבא לתהליך בן 46 PDT Parent Process Descriptor File Object 1 File Object 2 File 1 File 2 fork() 45 Child Process Descriptor 46 PDT 45 ה PDT מועתק מהאב לבן, אבל ה file objects לא מועתקים – הם משותפים. כמובן שאם Child פותח קובץ חדש – זה לא משפיע על Parent.

4 pipe- תוכנית דוגמא int main() { int my_pipe[2]; int status; char father_buff[6]; pipe(my_pipe); status = fork(); 0 1 45 46 PDT Parent Process Descriptor … File Object 0 File Object 1

5 pipe- תוכנית דוגמא int main() { int my_pipe[2]; int status; char father_buff[6]; pipe(my_pipe); status = fork(); 0 1 45 46 PDT Parent Process Descriptor … File Object 0 File Object 1 File Object pipe in File Object pipe out

6 pipe- תוכנית דוגמא int main() { int my_pipe[2]; int status; char father_buff[6]; pipe(my_pipe); status = fork(); 0 1 45 46 PDT Parent Process Descriptor … File Object 0 File Object 1 0 1 45 46 PDT Child Process Descriptor … File Object pipe in File Object pipe out

7 pipe- תוכנית דוגמא 0 1 45 46 PDT Parent Process Descriptor … File Object 0 File Object 1 0 1 45 46 PDT Child Process Descriptor … /* son process */ if (status == 0) { close(my_pipe[0]); write(my_pipe[1],“BAD",4*sizeof(char)); exit(0); } File Object pipe in File Object pipe out

8 pipe- תוכנית דוגמא 0 1 45 46 PDT Parent Process Descriptor … File Object 0 File Object 1 0 1 45 46 PDT Child Process Descriptor … File Object pipe in File Object pipe out /* son process */ if (status == 0) { close(my_pipe[0]); write(my_pipe[1],“BAD",4*sizeof(char)); exit(0); }

9 pipe- תוכנית דוגמא 0 1 45 46 PDT Parent Process Descriptor … File Object 0 File Object 1 0 1 45 46 PDT Child Process Descriptor … File Object pipe in File Object pipe out /* son process */ if (status == 0) { close(my_pipe[0]); write(my_pipe[1],“BAD",4*sizeof(char)); exit(0); }

10 pipe- תוכנית דוגמא 0 1 45 46 PDT Parent Process Descriptor … File Object 0 File Object 1 0 1 45 46 PDT Child Process Descriptor … File Object pipe in File Object pipe out /* son process */ if (status == 0) { close(my_pipe[0]); write(my_pipe[1],“BAD",4*sizeof(char)); exit(0); }

11 pipe- תוכנית דוגמא 0 1 45 46 PDT Parent Process Descriptor … File Object 0 File Object 1 File Object pipe in File Object pipe out /* son process */ if (status == 0) { close(my_pipe[0]); write(my_pipe[1],“BAD",4*sizeof(char)); exit(0); }

12 pipe- תוכנית דוגמא 0 1 45 46 PDT Parent Process Descriptor … File Object 0 File Object 1 File Object pipe in File Object pipe out else /* father process */ { close(my_pipe[1]); wait(&status);/* wait until son process finishes */ read(my_pipe[0], father_buff,4*sizeof(char)); printf(“Who’s %s\n", father_buff); exit(0); }

13 pipe- תוכנית דוגמא 0 1 45 46 PDT Parent Process Descriptor … File Object 0 File Object 1 File Object pipe in מוחקים את ה file object כי אין יותר מצביעים אליו else /* father process */ { close(my_pipe[1]); wait(&status);/* wait until son process finishes */ read(my_pipe[0], father_buff,4*sizeof(char)); printf(“Who’s %s\n", father_buff); exit(0); }

14 pipe- תוכנית דוגמא 0 1 45 46 PDT Parent Process Descriptor … File Object 0 File Object 1 File Object pipe in לא מובטח שהבן רץ קודם ולכן מחכים שהבן יסיים לכתוב ל pipe. else /* father process */ { close(my_pipe[1]); wait(&status);/* wait until son process finishes */ read(my_pipe[0], father_buff,4*sizeof(char)); printf(“Who’s %s\n", father_buff); exit(0); }

15 pipe- תוכנית דוגמא 0 1 45 46 PDT Parent Process Descriptor … File Object 0 File Object 1 File Object pipe in else /* father process */ { close(my_pipe[1]); wait(&status);/* wait until son process finishes */ read(my_pipe[0], father_buff,4*sizeof(char)); printf(“Who’s %s\n", father_buff); exit(0); }

16 pipe- תוכנית דוגמא 0 1 45 46 PDT Parent Process Descriptor … File Object 0 File Object 1 File Object pipe in else /* father process */ { close(my_pipe[1]); wait(&status);/* wait until son process finishes */ read(my_pipe[0], father_buff,4*sizeof(char)); printf(“Who’s %s\n", father_buff); exit(0); }

17 pipe- תוכנית דוגמא 0 1 45 46 PDT Parent Process Descriptor … File Object 0 File Object 1 File Object pipe in else /* father process */ { close(my_pipe[1]); wait(&status);/* wait until son process finishes */ read(my_pipe[0], father_buff,4*sizeof(char)); printf(“Who’s %s\n", father_buff); exit(0); } מה מודפס על המסך ?

18 pipe- תוכנית דוגמא 0 1 45 46 PDT Parent Process Descriptor … File Object 0 File Object 1 File Object pipe in else /* father process */ { close(my_pipe[1]); wait(&status);/* wait until son process finishes */ read(my_pipe[0], father_buff,4*sizeof(char)); printf(“Who’s %s\n", father_buff); exit(0); } לאו דווקא Who’s BAD. כי לא מובטח ש write כתבה את כל התווים או ש read קראה את כולם...

19 הכוונת קלט פלט 0 1 45 46 PDT Parent Process Descriptor … File Object 0 File Object 1 status = fork(); if (status == 0) { close(1); fd = open(“myfile”, O_WRONLY…); execv(“/bin/ls”, …); {

20 הכוונת קלט פלט 0 1 45 46 PDT Parent Process Descriptor … File Object 0 File Object 1 status = fork(); if (status == 0) { close(1); fd = open(“myfile”, O_WRONLY…); execv(“/bin/ls”, …); { 0 1 45 46 PDT Child Process Descriptor …

21 הכוונת קלט פלט 0 1 45 46 PDT Parent Process Descriptor … File Object 0 File Object 1 status = fork(); if (status == 0) { close(1); fd = open(“myfile”, O_WRONLY…); execv(“/bin/ls”, …); { 0 1 45 46 PDT Child Process Descriptor …

22 הכוונת קלט פלט 0 1 45 46 PDT Parent Process Descriptor … File Object 0 File Object 1 status = fork(); if (status == 0) { close(1); fd = open(“myfile”, O_WRONLY…); execv(“/bin/ls”, …); { 0 1 45 46 PDT Child Process Descriptor …

23 הכוונת קלט פלט 0 1 45 46 PDT Parent Process Descriptor … File Object 0 File Object 1 status = fork(); if (status == 0) { close(1); fd = open(“myfile”, O_WRONLY…); execv(“/bin/ls”, …); { 0 1 45 46 PDT Child Process Descriptor …

24 הכוונת קלט פלט 0 1 45 46 PDT Parent Process Descriptor … File Object 0 File Object 1 status = fork(); if (status == 0) { close(1); fd = open(“myfile”, O_WRONLY…); execv(“/bin/ls”, …); { 0 1 45 46 PDT Child Process Descriptor … Myfile File Object

25 הכוונת קלט פלט 0 1 45 46 PDT Parent Process Descriptor … File Object 0 File Object 1 status = fork(); if (status == 0) { close(1); fd = open(“myfile”, O_WRONLY…); execv(“/bin/ls”, …); { 0 1 45 46 PDT Child Process Descriptor … Myfile File Object

26 הכוונת קלט פלט 0 1 45 46 PDT Parent Process Descriptor … File Object 0 File Object 1 status = fork(); if (status == 0) { close(1); fd = open(“myfile”, O_WRONLY…); execv(“/bin/ls”, …); { 0 1 45 46 PDT Child Process Descriptor … Myfile File Object

27 הכוונת קלט פלט 0 1 45 46 PDT Parent Process Descriptor … File Object 0 File Object 1 status = fork(); if (status == 0) { close(1); fd = open(“myfile”, O_WRONLY…); execv(“/bin/ls”, …); { 0 1 45 46 PDT … Myfile File Object execv אינה מחליפה את ה PDT של התהליך הקורא !

28 הכוונת קלט פלט 0 1 45 46 PDT Parent Process Descriptor … File Object 0 File Object 1 status = fork(); if (status == 0) { close(1); fd = open(“myfile”, O_WRONLY…); execv(“/bin/ls”, …); { 0 1 45 46 PDT … Myfile File Object /bin/ls Process Descriptor

29 הכוונת קלט פלט 0 1 45 46 PDT Parent Process Descriptor … File Object 0 File Object 1 status = fork(); if (status == 0) { close(1); fd = open(“myfile”, O_WRONLY…); execv(“/bin/ls”, …); { 0 1 45 46 PDT … Myfile File Object /bin/ls Process Descriptor ועכשיו כל הפלט של ls ילך לקובץ

30 הכוונת קלט פלט 2 0 1 45 46 PDT Shell Process Descriptor … File Object 0 File Object 1 int fd[2]; pipe(fd); status = fork(); if (status == 0) { /* first child */ close(1); dup(fd[1]); close(fd[0]); close(fd[1]); execv(“/bin/ls”,…); }

31 הכוונת קלט פלט 2 0 1 45 46 PDT Shell Process Descriptor … File Object 0 File Object 1 int fd[2]; pipe(fd); status = fork(); if (status == 0) { /* first child */ close(1); dup(fd[1]); close(fd[0]); close(fd[1]); execv(“/bin/ls”,…); } Pipe File Object IN Pipe File Object OUT

32 הכוונת קלט פלט 2 0 1 45 46 PDT Shell Process Descriptor … File Object 0 File Object 1 int fd[2]; pipe(fd); status = fork(); if (status == 0) { /* first child */ close(1); dup(fd[1]); close(fd[0]); close(fd[1]); execv(“/bin/ls”,…); } Pipe File Object IN Pipe File Object OUT 0 1 45 46 PDT Shell SON Process Descriptor …

33 הכוונת קלט פלט 2 0 1 45 46 PDT Shell Process Descriptor … File Object 0 File Object 1 int fd[2]; pipe(fd); status = fork(); if (status == 0) { /* first child */ close(1); dup(fd[1]); close(fd[0]); close(fd[1]); execv(“/bin/ls”,…); } Pipe File Object IN Pipe File Object OUT 0 1 45 46 PDT Shell SON Process Descriptor …

34 הכוונת קלט פלט 2 0 1 45 46 PDT Shell Process Descriptor … File Object 0 File Object 1 int fd[2]; pipe(fd); status = fork(); if (status == 0) { /* first child */ close(1); dup(fd[1]); close(fd[0]); close(fd[1]); execv(“/bin/ls”,…); } Pipe File Object IN Pipe File Object OUT 0 1 45 46 PDT Shell SON Process Descriptor …

35 הכוונת קלט פלט 2 0 1 45 46 PDT Shell Process Descriptor … File Object 0 File Object 1 int fd[2]; pipe(fd); status = fork(); if (status == 0) { /* first child */ close(1); dup(fd[1]); close(fd[0]); close(fd[1]); execv(“/bin/ls”,…); } Pipe File Object IN Pipe File Object OUT 0 1 45 46 PDT Shell SON Process Descriptor …

36 הכוונת קלט פלט 2 0 1 45 46 PDT Shell Process Descriptor … File Object 0 File Object 1 int fd[2]; pipe(fd); status = fork(); if (status == 0) { /* first child */ close(1); dup(fd[1]); close(fd[0]); close(fd[1]); execv(“/bin/ls”,…); } Pipe File Object IN Pipe File Object OUT 0 1 45 46 PDT Shell SON Process Descriptor …

37 הכוונת קלט פלט 2 0 1 45 46 PDT Shell Process Descriptor … File Object 0 File Object 1 int fd[2]; pipe(fd); status = fork(); if (status == 0) { /* first child */ close(1); dup(fd[1]); close(fd[0]); close(fd[1]); execv(“/bin/ls”,…); } Pipe File Object IN Pipe File Object OUT 0 1 45 46 PDT Shell SON Process Descriptor …

38 הכוונת קלט פלט 2 0 1 45 46 PDT Shell Process Descriptor … File Object 0 File Object 1 int fd[2]; pipe(fd); status = fork(); if (status == 0) { /* first child */ close(1); dup(fd[1]); close(fd[0]); close(fd[1]); execv(“/bin/ls”,…); } Pipe File Object IN Pipe File Object OUT 0 1 45 46 PDT Shell SON Process Descriptor …

39 הכוונת קלט פלט 2 0 1 45 46 PDT Shell Process Descriptor … File Object 0 File Object 1 int fd[2]; pipe(fd); status = fork(); if (status == 0) { /* first child */ close(1); dup(fd[1]); close(fd[0]); close(fd[1]); execv(“/bin/ls”,…); } Pipe File Object IN Pipe File Object OUT 0 1 45 46 PDT Shell SON Process Descriptor …

40 הכוונת קלט פלט 2 0 1 45 46 PDT Shell Process Descriptor … File Object 0 File Object 1 int fd[2]; pipe(fd); status = fork(); if (status == 0) { /* first child */ close(1); dup(fd[1]); close(fd[0]); close(fd[1]); execv(“/bin/ls”,…); } Pipe File Object IN Pipe File Object OUT Shell SON Process Descriptor 0 1 45 46 PDT …

41 הכוונת קלט פלט 2 0 1 45 46 PDT Shell Process Descriptor … File Object 0 File Object 1 int fd[2]; pipe(fd); status = fork(); if (status == 0) { /* first child */ close(1); dup(fd[1]); close(fd[0]); close(fd[1]); execv(“/bin/ls”,…); } Pipe File Object IN Pipe File Object OUT 0 1 45 46 PDT …

42 הכוונת קלט פלט 2 0 1 45 46 PDT Shell Process Descriptor … File Object 0 File Object 1 int fd[2]; pipe(fd); status = fork(); if (status == 0) { /* first child */ close(1); dup(fd[1]); close(fd[0]); close(fd[1]); execv(“/bin/ls”,…); } Pipe File Object IN Pipe File Object OUT 0 1 45 46 PDT … /bin/ls Process Descriptor

43 הכוונת קלט פלט 2 0 1 45 46 PDT Shell Process Descriptor … File Object 0 File Object 1 int fd[2]; pipe(fd); status = fork(); if (status == 0) { /* first child */ close(1); dup(fd[1]); close(fd[0]); close(fd[1]); execv(“/bin/ls”,…); } Pipe File Object IN Pipe File Object OUT 0 1 45 46 PDT … /bin/ls Process Descriptor /bin/ls OUTPUT

44 הכוונת קלט פלט 2 0 1 45 46 PDT Shell Process Descriptor … File Object 0 File Object 1 Pipe File Object IN Pipe File Object OUT 0 1 45 46 PDT … /bin/ls Process Descriptor status = fork(); if (status == 0) { /* second child */ close(0); dup(fd[0]); close(fd[0]); close(fd[1]); execv(“/bin/more”,..); } close(fd[0]); close(fd[1]); /bin/ls OUTPUT

45 הכוונת קלט פלט 2 0 1 45 46 PDT Shell Process Descriptor … File Object 0 File Object 1 Pipe File Object IN Pipe File Object OUT 0 1 45 46 PDT … /bin/ls Process Descriptor status = fork(); if (status == 0) { /* second child */ close(0); dup(fd[0]); close(fd[0]); close(fd[1]); execv(“/bin/more”,..); } close(fd[0]); close(fd[1]); /bin/ls OUTPUT 0 1 45 46 PDT Shell SON 2 Process Descriptor …

46 הכוונת קלט פלט 2 File Object 0 File Object 1 Pipe File Object IN Pipe File Object OUT 0 1 45 46 PDT … /bin/ls Process Descriptor status = fork(); if (status == 0) { /* second child */ close(0); dup(fd[0]); close(fd[0]); close(fd[1]); execv(“/bin/more”,..); } close(fd[0]); close(fd[1]); /bin/ls OUTPUT 0 1 45 46 PDT Shell SON 2 Process Descriptor … נוציא את ה shell מהתמונה כי קשה לראות ככה משהו

47 הכוונת קלט פלט 2 File Object 0 File Object 1 Pipe File Object IN Pipe File Object OUT 0 1 45 46 PDT … /bin/ls Process Descriptor status = fork(); if (status == 0) { /* second child */ close(0); dup(fd[0]); close(fd[0]); close(fd[1]); execv(“/bin/more”,..); } close(fd[0]); close(fd[1]); /bin/ls OUTPUT 0 1 45 46 PDT Shell SON 2 Process Descriptor …

48 הכוונת קלט פלט 2 File Object 0 File Object 1 Pipe File Object IN Pipe File Object OUT 0 1 45 46 PDT … /bin/ls Process Descriptor status = fork(); if (status == 0) { /* second child */ close(0); dup(fd[0]); close(fd[0]); close(fd[1]); execv(“/bin/more”,..); } close(fd[0]); close(fd[1]); /bin/ls OUTPUT 0 1 45 46 PDT Shell SON 2 Process Descriptor …

49 הכוונת קלט פלט 2 File Object 0 File Object 1 Pipe File Object IN Pipe File Object OUT 0 1 45 46 PDT … /bin/ls Process Descriptor status = fork(); if (status == 0) { /* second child */ close(0); dup(fd[0]); close(fd[0]); close(fd[1]); execv(“/bin/more”,..); } close(fd[0]); close(fd[1]); /bin/ls OUTPUT 0 1 45 46 PDT Shell SON 2 Process Descriptor …

50 הכוונת קלט פלט 2 File Object 0 File Object 1 Pipe File Object IN Pipe File Object OUT 0 1 45 46 PDT … /bin/ls Process Descriptor status = fork(); if (status == 0) { /* second child */ close(0); dup(fd[0]); close(fd[0]); close(fd[1]); execv(“/bin/more”,..); } close(fd[0]); close(fd[1]); /bin/ls OUTPUT 0 1 45 46 PDT Shell SON 2 Process Descriptor …

51 הכוונת קלט פלט 2 File Object 0 File Object 1 Pipe File Object IN Pipe File Object OUT 0 1 45 46 PDT … /bin/ls Process Descriptor status = fork(); if (status == 0) { /* second child */ close(0); dup(fd[0]); close(fd[0]); close(fd[1]); execv(“/bin/more”,..); } close(fd[0]); close(fd[1]); /bin/ls OUTPUT 0 1 45 46 PDT Shell SON 2 Process Descriptor …

52 הכוונת קלט פלט 2 File Object 0 File Object 1 Pipe File Object IN Pipe File Object OUT 0 1 45 46 PDT … /bin/ls Process Descriptor status = fork(); if (status == 0) { /* second child */ close(0); dup(fd[0]); close(fd[0]); close(fd[1]); execv(“/bin/more”,..); } close(fd[0]); close(fd[1]); /bin/ls OUTPUT 0 1 45 46 PDT Shell SON 2 Process Descriptor …

53 הכוונת קלט פלט 2 File Object 0 File Object 1 Pipe File Object IN Pipe File Object OUT 0 1 45 46 PDT … /bin/ls Process Descriptor status = fork(); if (status == 0) { /* second child */ close(0); dup(fd[0]); close(fd[0]); close(fd[1]); execv(“/bin/more”,..); } close(fd[0]); close(fd[1]); /bin/ls OUTPUT 0 1 45 46 PDT Shell SON 2 Process Descriptor …

54 הכוונת קלט פלט 2 File Object 0 File Object 1 Pipe File Object IN Pipe File Object OUT 0 1 45 46 PDT … /bin/ls Process Descriptor status = fork(); if (status == 0) { /* second child */ close(0); dup(fd[0]); close(fd[0]); close(fd[1]); execv(“/bin/more”,..); } close(fd[0]); close(fd[1]); /bin/ls OUTPUT 0 1 45 46 PDT Shell SON 2 Process Descriptor …

55 הכוונת קלט פלט 2 File Object 0 File Object 1 Pipe File Object IN Pipe File Object OUT 0 1 45 46 PDT … /bin/ls Process Descriptor status = fork(); if (status == 0) { /* second child */ close(0); dup(fd[0]); close(fd[0]); close(fd[1]); execv(“/bin/more”,..); } close(fd[0]); close(fd[1]); /bin/ls OUTPUT 0 1 45 46 PDT Shell SON 2 Process Descriptor …

56 הכוונת קלט פלט 2 File Object 0 File Object 1 Pipe File Object IN Pipe File Object OUT 0 1 45 46 PDT … /bin/ls Process Descriptor status = fork(); if (status == 0) { /* second child */ close(0); dup(fd[0]); close(fd[0]); close(fd[1]); execv(“/bin/more”,..); } close(fd[0]); close(fd[1]); /bin/ls OUTPUT 0 1 45 46 PDT Shell SON 2 Process Descriptor …

57 הכוונת קלט פלט 2 File Object 0 File Object 1 Pipe File Object IN Pipe File Object OUT 0 1 45 46 PDT … /bin/ls Process Descriptor status = fork(); if (status == 0) { /* second child */ close(0); dup(fd[0]); close(fd[0]); close(fd[1]); execv(“/bin/more”,..); } close(fd[0]); close(fd[1]); /bin/ls OUTPUT 0 1 45 46 PDT …

58 הכוונת קלט פלט 2 File Object 0 File Object 1 Pipe File Object IN Pipe File Object OUT 0 1 45 46 PDT … /bin/ls Process Descriptor status = fork(); if (status == 0) { /* second child */ close(0); dup(fd[0]); close(fd[0]); close(fd[1]); execv(“/bin/more”,..); } close(fd[0]); close(fd[1]); /bin/ls OUTPUT 0 1 45 46 PDT … /bin/more Process Descriptor

59 הכוונת קלט פלט 2 File Object 0 File Object 1 Pipe File Object IN Pipe File Object OUT 0 1 45 46 PDT … /bin/ls Process Descriptor status = fork(); if (status == 0) { /* second child */ close(0); dup(fd[0]); close(fd[0]); close(fd[1]); execv(“/bin/more”,..); } close(fd[0]); close(fd[1]); /bin/ls OUTPUT 0 1 45 46 PDT … /bin/more Process Descriptor כעת more יכול לקרוא את מה ש less כתב לו ב pipe

60 הכוונת קלט פלט 2 File Object 0 File Object 1 Pipe File Object IN Pipe File Object OUT 0 1 45 46 PDT … /bin/ls Process Descriptor status = fork(); if (status == 0) { /* second child */ close(0); dup(fd[0]); close(fd[0]); close(fd[1]); execv(“/bin/more”,..); } close(fd[0]); close(fd[1]); /bin/ls OUTPUT 0 1 45 46 PDT … /bin/more Process Descriptor שתי הפקודות האחרונות המסומנות – הן של ה shell שסוגר את ה pipe כי הוא לא ישתמש בו

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Today’s topic Inter-process communication with pipes.
Operating systems Lab 04 System Call, Nested Fork(),Exec(),Pipe()

Operating systems Lab 04 System Call, Nested Fork(),Exec(),Pipe()
The Programming Interface. Main Points Creating and managing processes – fork, exec, wait Performing I/O – open, read, write, close Communicating between.

The Programming Interface. Main Points Creating and managing processes – fork, exec, wait Performing I/O – open, read, write, close Communicating between.
Unix Processes Slides are based upon IBM technical library, Speaking Unix, Part 8: Unix processes Extended System Programming Laboratory (ESPL) CS Department.

Unix Processes Slides are based upon IBM technical library, Speaking Unix, Part 8: Unix processes Extended System Programming Laboratory (ESPL) CS Department.
Unix Pipes Pipe sets up communication channel between two (related) processes. 37 Two processes connected by a pipe.

Unix Pipes Pipe sets up communication channel between two (related) processes. 37 Two processes connected by a pipe.
Simple Shell Part 1 Due date (75%): April, 2002 Part 2 Due date (25%): Apr 5, 2002.

Simple Shell Part 1 Due date (75%): April, 2002 Part 2 Due date (25%): Apr 5, 2002.

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