1. Copyright © 2611 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Longman

2. Chapter 26 Political Parties, Interest Groups, Elections, and Campaigns in Texas

3. Copyright © 2611 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Longman Chapter Outline and Learning Objectives Roots of the Political Parties, Interest Groups, Elections, and Campaigns in Texas LO 26.1: Trace the gradual evolution of political parties, interest groups, elections, and campaigns in Texas. Political Parties in Texas LO 26.2: Differentiate among the three components of political parties in Texas, and identify their functions in the state’s party system.

4. Copyright © 2611 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Longman Chapter Outline and Learning Objectives Interest Groups in Texas LO 26.3: Categorize the types of interest groups in Texas and the methods they use to influence elections and public policy in Texas. Elections and Political Campaigns in Texas LO 26.4: Identify the types of election systems held in Texas, and analyze the role of strategies in political campaigns.

5. Copyright © 2611 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Longman Chapter Outline and Learning Objectives Toward Reform: Recent Proposed Changes in Elections and Campaigns LO 26.5: Evaluate how recent reforms have impacted political parties, interest groups, elections, and campaigns.

6. Copyright © 2611 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Longman Roots of Political Parties, Interest Groups, Elections, and Campaigns LO 26.1: Trace the gradual evolution of political parties, interest groups, elections, and campaigns in Texas. LO 26.1: Trace the gradual evolution of political parties, interest groups, elections, and campaigns in Texas. Political parties –Republican Party took control, 1868-1874 –Era of one-party Democratic dominance, 1874-1986 –New Deal created first split with national Democratic Party Interest groups –The Grange –Increase with social and economic diversification Campaigns –Primaries dominant under one-party Democratic era To Learning Objectives

7. Copyright © 2611 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Longman For most of Texas’s early history, what type interests were dominant? A.Oil B.Construction C.High tech D.Agriculture E.International trade LO 26.1 To Learning Objectives

8. Copyright © 2611 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Longman For most of Texas’s early history, what type interests were dominant? A.Oil B.Construction C.High tech D.Agriculture E.International trade LO 26.1 To Learning Objectives

9. Copyright © 2611 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Longman Party Organization –Formal Organization Temporary Organization –Precinct convention –County convention –State senatorial convention –State convention Permanent party organization –Precinct chairperson –County chairperson and county executive committee –State party chair and executive committee Political Parties in Texas LO 26.2: Differentiate among the three components of political parties in Texas, and identify their functions in the state party system. LO 26.2: Differentiate among the three components of political parties in Texas, and identify their functions in the state party system. To Learning Objectives

10. Copyright © 2611 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Longman Democratic Party unity –1976 liberals gain control –1980s – 1990s conservatives move to Republican Party Republican Party unity –Clash between social and economic conservatives Party effectiveness – ability to carry outParty effectiveness –(1) institutional support activities (fund-raising, electoral mobilization programs, etc.) –(2) candidate-centered activities (contributions, etc.) –Republican Party more effective. –Republican activists involve members more often. LO 26.2 Party Organization To Learning Objectives

11. Copyright © 2611 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Longman Voters don’t register with parties, so polls determine party identification in TX. –Distribution of party attachments changed over timeparty attachments changed over time –Realignment Young voters, new residents  Republican Some Democrats switched parties. Voting trends in 1970s versus 2000s1970s2000s LO 26.2 Party in the Electorate To Learning Objectives

12. Copyright © 2611 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Longman In the executive branch –Lack of cooperation during campaign  lack of cooperation in office In the legislature branch –Party caucuses not strong In the judiciary branch –Governors tend to appoint members of own party when vacancies arise. LO 26.2 Party in Government

13. Copyright © 2611 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Longman Which of the following long-term trends has been observed in the party in the electorate in Texas? A.The number of independents has fallen steadily. B.The number of independents has risen steadily. C.The number of Republicans has fallen steadily. D.The number of Democrats has fallen steadily. E.The number of Democrats has remained the same. LO 26.2 To Learning Objectives

14. Copyright © 2611 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Longman Which of the following long-term trends has been observed in the party in the electorate in Texas? A.The number of independents has fallen steadily. B.The number of independents has risen steadily. C.The number of Republicans has fallen steadily. D.The number of Democrats has fallen steadily. E.The number of Democrats has remained the same. LO 26.2 To Learning Objectives

15. Copyright © 2611 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Longman Types of Interest Groups –Business groups and trade associations –Professional associations –Labor groups –Racial and ethnic groups –Public-interest groups Political Activities of Interest Groups –Lobbying Many former members of the executive or legislative branch Provide substantive information for legislation Business interests dominate –Electioneering PAC campaign contributions Litigation Interest Groups in Texas LO 26.3: Categorize the types of interest groups in Texas and the methods they use to influence elections and public policy in Texas. LO 26.3: Categorize the types of interest groups in Texas and the methods they use to influence elections and public policy in Texas. To Learning Objectives

16. Copyright © 2611 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Longman Most lobbyist represent A. business interests. B. professional associations. C. labor groups. D. religious or ethnic groups. E. public-interest groups. LO 26.3 To Learning Objectives

17. Copyright © 2611 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Longman Most lobbyist represent A. business interests. B. professional associations. C. labor groups. D. religious or ethnic groups. E. public-interest groups. LO 26.3 To Learning Objectives

18. Copyright © 2611 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Longman Elections and Political Campaigns in Texas LO 26.4: Identify the types of election systems held in Texas, and analyze the role of strategies in political campaigns. LO 26.4: Identify the types of election systems held in Texas, and analyze the role of strategies in political campaigns. Types of Elections –Primary elections –Special elections –General elections –Local elections Political Campaigns in TX –Money – few restrictions –Media –Marketing Switch from party-centered to candidate centered  role of political consultants To Learning Objectives

19. Copyright © 2611 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Longman Fewer than ½ eligible voters participate in presidential elections; fewer than 1/3 in gubernatorial elections Voter Turnout –Minimal requirements today –1991 Motor-voter registration system –Electronic systems increase ease of voting The vote choice –From party-centered to candidate centered LO 26.4 The Voters’ Decisions To Learning Objectives

20. Copyright © 2611 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Longman Approximately what proportion of eligible voters in Texas vote in the governor’s race? A.9 out of 10 B.2 out of 3 C.1 out of 2 D.1 out of 3 E.1 out of 4 LO 26.4 To Learning Objectives

21. Copyright © 2611 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Longman Approximately what proportion of eligible voters in Texas vote in the governor’s race? A.9 out of 10 B.2 out of 3 C.1 out of 2 D.1 out of 3 E.1 out of 4 LO 26.4 To Learning Objectives

22. Copyright © 2611 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Longman Toward Reform: Recent Proposed Changes in Elections and Campaigns LO 26.5: Evaluate how recent reforms have impacted political parties, interest groups, elections, and campaigns. LO 26.5: Evaluate how recent reforms have impacted political parties, interest groups, elections, and campaigns. Notification of former prisoners of restored voting rights vetoed by Perry Voter ID proposal General-purpose PAC campaign contributions reporting requirements passed in 2009. To Learning Objectives

23. Copyright © 2611 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Longman Texas often implements reforms piecemeal. Which of the following areas did the Texas legislature pass laws to achieve a small reform in 2009? A.Voter registration B.Voter ID C.Notification of prisoners of voting rights D.Campaign finance reporting requirements E.None of the above. LO 26.5 To Learning Objectives

24. Copyright © 2611 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Longman Texas often implements reforms piecemeal. Which of the following areas did the Texas legislature pass laws to achieve a small reform in 2009? A.Voter registration B.Voter ID C.Notification of prisoners of voting rights D.Campaign finance reporting requirements E.None of the above. LO 26.5 To Learning Objectives

25. Copyright © 2611 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Longman Figure 26.1: Are Texas party organizations highly centralized or decentralized? Back To Learning Objectives

26. Copyright © 2611 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Longman Table 26.1: How does the Texas party system compare to the party systems of other large states? Back To Learning Objectives

27. Copyright © 2611 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Longman Figure 26.2: Do the changes in party identification from 1952 to 2010 point to a realignment of the party system in Texas? Back To Learning Objectives

28. Copyright © 2611 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Longman Figure 26.3: Which party controlled most Texas counties in the 1970s? Back To Learning Objectives

29. Copyright © 2611 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Longman Figure 26.4: Which party controlled most Texas counties in the 2000s? Back To Learning Objectives

30. Copyright © 2611 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Longman Figure 26.5: What are the Texas PAC lobbying expenditures by sector? Back To Learning Objectives