2. Taxonomy Chapter 13

3. I. The classification of living things A. History Aristotle (384-322 BC) was the first to devise a system of classification PLANT or ANIMAL

4. More History Carl Linnaeus (1707-1778) “Father of Modern Taxonomy” His classification system was based on structural similarities

5. Categories of modern taxonomy (or taxons) 1. Kingdom - highest level and most general 5 total = Monera (bacteria) Protista (protozoans) Fungi (mushrooms) Plant (trees, shrubs, flowers) Animal (insects, mammals, humans)

6. Taxons 2. Phylum 3. Class 4. Order 5. Family 6. Genus 7. Species - most specific, similar in appearance and structure, same number of chromosomes, can mate and produce fertile offspring 8. Breeds or Races -slightly different species King Philip Came Over From Great Spain

7. Binomial Nomenclature A 2 part naming system in Latin Genus - first part of name Always use a capital letter and underline Example: Homo - humans Felis - cats, tigers, lions, etc Canis - dogs, wolves, coyotes

8. Binomial Nomenclature A 2 part naming system in Latin Species - second part of the name Always with a lower case letter and underline Ex: sapien - human familiaris - dog domesticas - cat lupus - wolves tigris - tiger latran - coyotes

9. Binomial Nomenclature A 2 part naming system in Latin Full binomial nomenclature: Genus species Homo sapiens Canis familiaris Felis domesticas Notice: capital letter Notice: lower case letter Both words are underlined

10. Guidelines for classification Fossils - organisms that evolve from common ancestors Biochemistry - sequence of amino acids in proteins Genetics - strongest evidence, DNA Structure of organism - bones, muscles or petals, roots Embryology - compare fetuses