1. Taxonomy

2. Taxonomy  Taxonomy from Greek verb tassein = "to classify" and nomos = law, science Taxonomy is the science of classifying (finding, describing and naming) living things

3. Binomial Nomenclature Scientists use Greek and Latin because:  It is a dead language, so it is no longer evolving

4. Binomial Nomenclature When Scientists refer to organisms, they use Genus species names instead of common names.  Organisms may have more than one common name

5. Dog Spanish - perro French – chien German – Hund Italian – cane Russian - собака Canis lupis

6. Mermaid’s Wineglass Mermaid’s Teacup

7. Binomial Nomenclature Scientists use Genus species names because:  Organisms may have more than one common name  The same common name can refer to more than one organism

8. Sea Robin

9. Seven Levels of Taxonomy  Kingdom  Phylum  Class  Order  Family  Genus  Species These are the two names that scientists use when they call the organism by its scientific name. }

10. First taxonomic system:  Two kingdoms –  Plants – photosynthetic  Animals – ate the plants What about mushrooms, which do neither? Microscope was invented – what about euglena, which does both?

11. Kingdom Monera  Single Cell  Simple Cell Structure - prokaryotic  No membrane-bound organelles  No membrane-bound nucleus  Can be photosynthetic or chemosynthetic  Bacteria and blue-green algae (cyanobacteria)

13. Photosynthesis H 2 O + CO 2 H 2 O + CO 2 O 2 + Sugar sunlight  nutrients

15. Bacilli Cocci

17. Blue-green algae Cyanobacteria

19. Kingdom Protista  This is a catch-all kingdom. Anything that doesn’t fit neatly into another kingdom goes here.  Complex Cell Structure - eukaryotic  Membrane-bound organelles  membrane-bound nucleus  Can be unicellular or multicellular  Often have both plant and animal characteristics Protozoans – ie. amoeba, paramecium, euglena diatom, dinoflagellate, Non-vascular Plants – Algae

20. Blades - photosynthetic Stipe – holds blades up in the water column Holdfast – anchors algae

21. Photosynthesis H 2 O + CO 2 H 2 O + CO 2 O 2 + Sugar sunlight  nutrients

22. Respiration H 2 O + CO 2 H 2 O + CO 2 O 2 + Sugar  Photosynthesis

23. Respiration H 2 O + CO 2 + ATP H 2 O + CO 2 + ATP O 2 + Sugar  ATP is cellular energy. It is used by organisms to carry out life processes.

24. Paramecium

25. Euglena

26. Dinoflagellates 2 unequal flagella Cellulose cell wall Approx 1200 marine species Dominant in warm water environments Almost exclusively marine - Responsible for red tides - Can be bioluminescent

27. Diatoms SiO 2 cell walls Approx 12,000 marine species Mostly planktonic Dominant type of plankton in cold water environment

28. Algae

29. Green Algae Chlorophyta Green Pigment - chlorophyll 6,000 to 7,000 species 10% Marine

30. Brown Algae Phaeophyta Pigment – fucoxanthin (yellow) and chlorophyll Almost exclusively marine Approx 1500 species Kelp – up to 330 feet tall

31. Red Algae Rhodophyta Red pigment – phycoblins mask chlorophyll Approximately 4000 species Almost exclusively marine

32. Kingdom Fungi  Complex Cell Structure  Most Multicellular  Absorb Food  Reproduce Using Spores Mushroom, mold, yeast Lichens – symbiotic relationship between an algae and a fungus

33. Mushrooms

37. Mold on Mushrooms

38. Yeast

39. Lichens Common in nearshore areas

40. Kingdom Plantae  Complex Cell Structure  Multicellular  Photosynthetic  Vascular Plants (have transport system)  Leaves, stem, roots  Grass, trees, flowers  250,000 species  Seagrasses are the only truly marine plant

41. Seagrass

42. Turtle Grass Manatee Grass Shoal Grass Not a true grass. Relative of the lily. Pollen and seeds disperse via water. OBLIGATE HALOPHYTE

43. Trees

44. Mangroves Black Mangrove Red Mangrove

45. White Mangroves Mangroves Land Plants that can tolerate salt About 80 species Only the roots are covered by salt water

46. Kingdom Animalia  Multicellular  Complex Cell Structure  Ingests Food  Sponges, jellyfish, sea stars, insects, fish, lions, tigers, bears

50. Five Kingdoms  Monera  Protista  Fungi  Plantae  Animalia