1. F. S. Alvi alvi@eng.fsu.edu Examples & Uses of Jets Pitot & Static Probes - Summary EML 4304L

2. F. S. Alvi alvi@eng.fsu.edu JSF - STOVL Version Lockheed-Martin X-35 (CDP) USMC Version* Boeing X-32 (CDP) USMC Version* * Images obtained from the Official US Government, DOD, JSF Site

3. F. S. Alvi alvi@eng.fsu.edu Ground Effect for a STOVL aircraft in hover Examples & Uses of Jets

4. F. S. Alvi alvi@eng.fsu.edu Examples & Uses of Jets F22 Raptor F-18

5. F. S. Alvi alvi@eng.fsu.edu Supersonic Inlets & Diffusers (http://www.grc.nasa.gov/WWW/K-12/airplane/lowsup.html)

6. Micro-nozzles 400  m 200  m 50  m Human Hair 100  m Inlet pressure hole Pressure tap hole Settling chamber (Supersonic) Microjets Converging/Sonic Micro- nozzles C-D Micro-nozzles F. S. Alvi alvi@eng.fsu.edu

7. F. S. Alvi alvi@eng.fsu.edu 400  m ; P O ~ 120 Psi 200  m ; P O ~ 120 Psi 100  m ; P O ~ 100 Psi Flow Visualization Results Supersonic Microjets 100  m

8. F. S. Alvi alvi@eng.fsu.edu Supersonic Jets Mach 2 Rectangular Jets Sonic Round  jet (0.4 mm) Vectored Rectangular Jets Mach 2 Round vectored Jet (~30 mm)

9. F. S. Alvi alvi@eng.fsu.edu Jet Properties

10. F. S. Alvi alvi@eng.fsu.edu Summary of (some) Fluids Concepts Learned in 3015C (cont’d) Conservation of Momentum - If viscosity is neglected: Euler’s Equation  Integrate Euler’s equation along a streamline to obtain Bernoulli’s Equation It is only valid for : incompressible fluids, steady flow along a streamline, no energy loss due to friction, no heat transfer  Conservation of Energy - If energy is added, removed or lost via pumps turbines, friction, etc.then we use the energy equation or Extended Bernoulli’s Equation: Flow work + kinetic energy + potential energy = constant Where h A, h E is work done by or on the systems, e.g turbines, pumps, etc. and h L is Frictional Head Loss where

11. F. S. Alvi alvi@eng.fsu.edu Pitot probes  At station 1, the fluid is moving:  P 1 = P static OR simply P s V 1 = V  At station 2, the fluid is rest:  P 2 = P pitot OR P total OR P stognation OR P 0 and V 2 = 0 (fluid is at rest)  Hence, Bernoulli’s Equation is reduced to: 12