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1 Preferred citation style Axhausen, K.W. (2009) Travel and social capital: Some empirical evidence, 2 nd CCSS Workshop, Zürich, June 2009.
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Travel and social capital: Some empirical evidence KW Axhausen IVT ETH Zürich June 2009
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3 Part 1: Hypotheses
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4 Time-scaled “road”-Switzerland (1950 & 2000) Axhausen and Hurni, 2005
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5 Commuter sheds of the 10 largest Swiss towns Botte, 2003
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6 Example of a social network geography
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7 How to explain travel ? Budget constraints Capability constraints Generalised costs of the schedule Generalised cost of travel Generalised cost of activity participation Risk and comfort-adjusted weighted sums of time, expenditure and social content
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How to understand the traveller ? 8 Contacts Ego’s Personal World Social capital Biography Projects Learning
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9 Travel and social networks Maintenance of the network requires: Face to face contacts Balanced by other forms of contacts Travel ~ Physical spread of the contacts Trade-off between loosing contacts and “social” capital and investing in new contacts closer to home
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10 Hypotheses Professional activity space Migration k Message costs Number of networks Network geography Network overlap Left skew of intensity distribution Personal activity space Local anomie + - Elasticity > 0 Elasticity < 0 + + + + + + - - - - - - - - -
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11 Part 2: Survey work
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12 Data needs Measurement of the activity spaces (geographies, markets) Estimate of previous activity spaces (Local) level of trust Strength and object of attachment to a locality
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13 Contributors ifmo, Berlin – T. Ohnmacht, A Frei and KW Axhausen UK DfT – J Larsen, J Urry and KW Axhausen COST 355/ifmo – A Frei and KW Axhausen VW Stiftung – M Kowald, A Frei, K Nagel and J Illenberger
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14 Items to capture the social network geographies Name generators Core network Leisure “partners” Name interpreters Type and length of contact Frequency by mode of contact Home location
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15 Number of contacts reported
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16 Comparison of the instrument
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17 Geocoded home locations
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18 Distances between home locations
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19 Size of network geometries
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20 Ratio of contacts to population
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21 Interactions by mode and distance between homes
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22 Market share by contact mode
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Preview: A snowball sample 23
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Preview: First response rate experiences Wave 0Wave 1Wave 2 Sample166250 61 (380) Not yet reached1132 Contacted152147 Not reached6618 Refused6038 Recruited2664 Sent without recruitment-27 Full information2032 (of contacted)(13%)(22%) 24
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25 The context Wages Fleet comfort Housing consumption vtts et al. Activities Specialisation k vkm pkm Tours + + + + + + + + + + + + + - - - + - Energy costs + + - Elasticity > 0 Elasticity < 0 + - Migration + + Activity space Network geography Number of networks Network overlap Local anomie - + + - - - --
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Further information www.ivt.ethz.ch 26
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