1. What is a gene, and what does that have to do with evolution? Discussions start this week.

2. Two ways to think about the world: atoms molecules organelles cells tissues organs systems organisms environment Reductionism

3. Two ways to think about the world: atoms molecules organelles cells tissues organs systems organisms environment Reductionism holism

4. Two Approaches to Biology holism reductionism

5. To understand complex systems, we must understand simple systems and visa/versa holism reductionism

6. Global Warming Overpopulation Pandemics Water Pollution Air Pollution Deforestation Endangered Species Energy Production/ Use Genetically Modified Organisms Animal Rights Acid Rain Wilderness Ozone Hole Possible Topics for this Semester

7. Ecological Interconnections Fig 54.1

8. Fig 54.15 CO 2 levels in Hawaii and average global temp.

9. Effects of global warming are already visible http://www.nationmaster.c om/graph/env_co2_emi- environment-co2- emissions 1914 2004

10. Polar bears need ice to hunt

11. Arctic Sea Ice 1979 2003

12. Without sea ice, polar bears will go extinct

13. Wangari Maathai - Resources and Conflict http://youtube.com/watch?v=dA0qGlnc-30 http://youtube.com/watch?v=dA0qGlnc-30

14. Fig 7.6 An Animal Cell Videos: We did not see these in class, but they will give you an idea about what cells can do...http://www.microscopyu.com/moviegallery/livecellimaging/a549/index.htmlhttp://www.microscopyu.com/moviegallery/livecellimaging/a549/index.html http://plantsinmotion.bio.indiana.edu/plantmotion/starthere.html

15. Information flow in cells Protein Fig 15.3

16. Proteins are the “doers” of the cell. They act as: Enzymes Structural Support Transporters Signals Genes code for proteins…

17. Chains of DNA can store information: Fig 4.6,.7 Each chain of DNA is made of individual units = nucleotides

18. Information flow in cells Protein Fig 15.3

19. Fig 3.2 The basic structure of amino acids

20. Fig 3.3 the 20 Amino Acids

21. Tbl 3.3 Amino acids connect together to make proteins.

22. Fig 3.8 Proteins are a string of amino acids Proteins are the “doers” of the cell. They act as: Enzymes Structural Support Transporters Signals

23. a gene - DNA used to produce RNA or protein The relationship between DNA and genes promotercoding regionterminatornon-gene DNA

24. Only a small percent of DNA codes for proteins

25. DNA Composition: In humans: Each cell contains ~6 billion nucleotides of DNA. This DNA is ~2 meters long and 2 nm wide. ~98% does not directly code for amino acids In a single human cell only about 3-5% of genes are expressed at a time.

26. Width of DNA Length of human DNA in each cell The length of DNA in each of your cells is longer than you are tall. Power of ten: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=A2cmlhfdxuY

27. DNA Composition: In humans: Each cell contains ~6 billion base pairs of DNA. This DNA is ~2 meters long and 2 nm wide. ~1.5% directly codes for amino acids ~25% is genes In a single human cell only about 5-10% of genes are expressed at a time.

28. a gene - DNA used to produce RNA or protein The relationship between DNA and genes promotercoding regionterminatornon-gene DNA